This article provides a comprehensive review of optimal relay coordination (ORC) in distribution networks (DNs) that include distributed generators (DGs). The integration DGs into DNs has become real challenge for power system protection, as the flow changes from unidirectional to bidirectional, which complicates settings. introduction requires and modifications protective schemes maintain prop...

The paper studies the capacity of the OFDM and the OFDMA relay networks. Two relay schemes, amplify-and-forward (AF) relay and decode-and-forward (DF) relay are analyzed and compared for both OFDM and OFDMA relay networks. A relay node selection algorithm is proposed for OFDMA relay network. Numerical results show that under small relay power transmission, AF outperforms DF while the opposite i...

to evaluate the yield components, yield and land equivalent ratio affected by relay intercropping of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) with faba bean (vicia faba l.), a field experiment was arranged based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the agricultural research station payamenoor university of nagadeh, iran during growing reason of 2012-2013. the treatments incl...

results linear mixed model analyses showed that athletes slept on average 43 minutes longer when they slept during usual (night) times than during abnormal (day) times. in general, sleep duration decreased during the race with on average 18 minutes per period. conclusions this pilot study shows that, even under extreme violation of sleep hygiene rules, there still is an apparent effect of circa...

IEEE 802.16 standard is created to compete with cable access networks. In the beginning end users are immobile and have a line of sight with base station, now it moved to mobile non line of sight (NLOS) with the new standard IEEE 802.16e and IEEE 802.16j. The new IEEE 802.16j standard which is an amendment to IEEE 802.16e is mobile multi hop relay (MMR) specification for wireless networks. This...

An efficient numerical method for the design and synthesis of compensator for a relay type control system is developed and discussed. Previous works based on the interactive graphic method are reviewed and it is shown that the combination of the trequency and time domain numerical techniques provide a powerful tool in design of a wide class of relay control systems. An example is presented to d...

As data relay satellites (DRSs) play an increasingly important supporting role in remote sensing missions, efficient coordination across space–ground multiresources becomes a significant problem. Owing to the implementation problem of centralized coordinate methods, this paper studies distributed resource scheduling method which is realizable current space network structure. To be specific, we ...

Established practice is such that the relay protection system and excitation are adjusted independently of each other, which very often leads to non-coordinated action. When network disturbance occur, it necessary provide basic functions eliminate fault if necessary, all generators respond so as preserve stability use most their capabilities. The task under prevent damage generator in a not all...

In this paper, a cooperative algorithm to improve the orthogonal space-timefrequency block codes (OSTFBC) in frequency selective channels for 2*1, 2*2, 4*1, 4*2 MIMO-OFDM systems, is presented. The algorithm of three node, a source node, a relay node and a destination node is formed, and is implemented in two stages. During the first stage, the destination and the relay antennas receive the sym...

The restricted earth fault (REF) relay is a type of differential protection which is used for detection of internal ground faults of power transformers. But, during external faults and transformer energization conditions, the probability of current transformer (CT) saturation increases. Thus, the spurious differential current due to CT saturation, can lead to REF relay maloperation. In this pap...