The study was carried out to review the experience with the existing user-fee (pricing) strategies and examine the socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with payment behaviour among contraceptors in urban Bangladesh for selected contraceptive methods, such as injectables, pill, and condom. Data for the study were drawn from a survey of more than 5,000 married women of reproductive ag...

This paper describes two architectures for building Pay-per-Run software systems. These are systems that allow the user to pay for each execution of an application, instead of buying a more expensive user license. This is a new model for software distribution, in which developers charge small fees for each execution in order to increase their user market. We detail each component of the archite...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the price responsiveness of utilization of formal children's health-care services in Nepal and to use this information to model the impact on utilization of subsidies or increases in user fees. METHODS A total of 8112 individual observations (of children aged < 15 years) from 2847 households in 274 communities were obtained from the 1996 Nepal Living Standards Survey. A ...

this study aims at investigating the impacts of mandatory audit firm rotation (mafr) on audit fees and audit market compeition among firms listed on tehran stock exchange (tse). since 2007 firms listed on tse are not allowed to use services of any single audit firm for more than 4 consecutive years. we tested our hypotheses using multivariate regression analysis and mean comparison test. our sa...

The crucial role of cyberspace attracted the special attention of the governments in different countries, which consider it both as a challenge and an opportunity. One of the key policies and preventive measures adopted concerning the challenges posed by the cyberspace is it regulation. In fact, there are only a few states have not taken any steps in regulating their cyberspace. This paper seek...

This case-based brief illustrates how one hospital was able to introduce policy and system changes to reduce corruption and increase responsible stewardship of user fee revenues for the public good. Although typically user fees generate no more than 5-10% of recurrent costs in health facilities1, these small, continuously occurring cash transactions provide a temptation to collection staff, as ...

Faced with the difficulty of implementing primary health care services as proposed at Alma-Ata, UNICEF and the World Health Organization launched a new public health policy in 1987, the Bamako Initiative, to improve access to health care by revitalizing primary health care. The key principle was to decentralize retention of user fees to the local level in health centers managed by a committee o...