castor bean (ricinus communis l.( with a capability to withstand harsh conditions, low nutritional needs, 50 percent of oil content and high- quality, is one of the best crop used to produce biodiesel. the first step toward introduction and widespread cultivation of this crop is to investigate the energy balance for its cultivation. to do so, energy input (include renewable and nonrenewable) an...

The renewable energy sources have increased significantly due to environmental issues and fossil fuels elevated cost. Integration of renewable energy sources to utility grid depends on the scale of power generation. Large scale power generations are connected to transmission systems where as small scale distributed power generation is connected to distribution systems. There are certain challen...

research topics dealing with the application of the markal model have been quite common in the last 20+ years. every new paper has added new insight into the potential of using such a model for a variety of purposes. not only global but also local applications have shown both limits and benefits when dealing with manifold energy-environmental-resources optimal management. the aim of this wo...

INTRODUCTION Today’s electricity generation and transportation depend heavily on fossil fuels. As such, electricity generation and transportation have become two major sources of CO2 emissions leading to global warming. The concerns over environmental pollution and finite fossil fuel resources have spurred great interest in generating cleaner electricity from renewable energy sources such as so...

Renewable energy can become a key factor for sustainable next generation cellular networks. This work explores the possibility to feed base stations of a Heterogeneous Network with renewable energy sources, and analyzes implications of such choice with respect to a classical grid powered solution. Cost and CO2 emission savings are evaluated for different scenarios, showing that properly powerin...

At present scenario, renewable energy sources are needed to meet the energy demand. They also mitigate environment pollution problems. The shortage of electrical energy demand can be meeting with renewable energy resources. A wind turbine (WT) and photovoltaic (PV) solar panels are primary energy sources. Grid connected renewable energy source like wind energy and solar energy are used to conne...

This paper presents a whole new concept or approach for Green Computing or Environment friendly computing. Model of cloud computing has enabled convenient and ubiquitous network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be quickly provisioned and released with minimal interaction with the service providers. In this paper we have developed an algorithm which will migra...

In recent years energy shortage and environmental impacts due to consuming fossil fuels have led to developing renewable energy sources systems. Since these sources are not reliable and are usually time dependent, an energy storing system like hydrogen production is required. In this regard, PEM electrolyzer can be efficiently used to decompose liquid water into hydrogen and oxygen. Because of ...