this research was conducted to compare plant functional types (pft) and traits in an old-field (abandoned for 28 years) and a control site, in the baharkish rangelands, quchan, iran. in the both sites, 40 randomized quadrates were established. floristic list, frequency, canopy cover and 20 vegetative, phenological and morphological plant traits were measured for all plant species, within each q...

A general (Crump-Mode-Jagers) spatial branching process is considered. The asymptotic behaviour of the numbers present at time t in sets of the form ta; 1) is obtained. As a consequence it is shown that, if B t is the position of the rightmost person at time t, B t =t converges to a constant, which can be obtained from the individual reproduction law, almost surely on the survival set of the pr...

In this paper we treat sound field reproduction via circular distributions of loudspeakers. The general formulation of the approach has been recently published by the authors. In this contribution, we concentrate on the employment of secondary sources (i.e. loudspeakers) whose spatio-temporal transfer function is not omnidirectional. The presented approach allows to treat each spatial mode of t...

In the context of reproductive risk assessment for birds and mammals endocrine disrupting substances can be defined as substances that cause effects on bird and mammal reproduction through the disruption of endocrine processes. The environmental risk assessment performed under the current guidance document is based on the ecological relevance of the observed effects, independent of the mode of ...

The vast majority of copied documents generally consist of text, and the copy quality mostly depends on the text’s reproduction quality. A new technique to enhance dark text on light background of scanned mixed mode documents (containing text, graphics and photo) is presented to improve copy quality. This technique incorporates various image processing filters that enhance dark text without dis...

© 2013 Takahashi et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In vitro Effects of the Prolactin, Growth Hormone and Somatolactin on Cell Turnove...

Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray, Asteraceae) is a latex-producing perennial desert shrub native to southwestern Texas and north central Mexico. It is potentially an economically viable new crop for the desert Southwest, with the advantages of having low water requirements and producing non-allergenic latex (Thompson and Ray 1988). Diploid guayule plants reproduce predominantly sexually, and...

Five regional climate models (RCMs)—CCLM, RegCM, HadGEM3-RA, SNURCM and WRF—participating in the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment-East Asia (CORDEX-EA) Phase 2 project are evaluated for their ability to simulate spatiotemporal variability Asian summer precipitation. For this purpose, two dynamical downscaling sets, experiments forced by ERA-Interim reanalysis data (reproducti...

Examination of the selective forces behind the transition from oviparity to viviparity in vertebrates must include an understanding of the relative energy costs of the two reproductive modes. However, interspecific comparisons of reproductive mode are confounded by numerous other inherent differences among the species. Therefore, we compared oxygen consumption, as a reflection of energy costs, ...

Taking advantage of relatively well-preserved Prussian statistics, the author examines dynamics Pomeranian population in 18th century to suggest priorities for further studies at both individual and local community level. He proposes take concept mode reproduction as their common paradigm also a functionalist approach, even if detailed research may reveal that it was not external forces, older ...