Honing and Ladinig (2008) make the assertion that while the internal validity of web-based studies may be reduced, this is offset by an increase in external validity possible when experimenters can sample a wider range of participants and experimental settings. In this paper, the issue of internal validity is more closely examined, and it is agued that there is no necessary reason why internal ...

We reviewed the literature on instruments for work-based assessment in single clinical encounters, such as the mini-clinical evaluation exercise (mini-CEX), and examined differences between these instruments in characteristics and feasibility, reliability, validity and educational effect. A PubMed search of the literature published before 8 January 2009 yielded 39 articles dealing with 18 diffe...

TA X I In the last update (November 2004) we considered validity in quantitative studies: whether a tool measures what it sets out to measure. Reliability refers to the consistency, stability and repeatability of results. Testing for reliability ensures that consistent results would be obtained in identical situations on different occasions. It is possible for a measure to be reliable but not v...

National Statistical Institutes [NSIs] are increasingly investigating new ways of providing access to confidential microdata for research purposes. These innovations are being driven by the requirement for NSIs to ensure the best possible return for their investments in data collection coupled with researchers’ increasing demand for highly detailed microdata. After a long period of decline as N...

This article explores the role of the interactive researcher by drawing on Jürgen Habermas’ theory of communicative action to develop the concept of virtual participant. An ideal interactive research project is used to explore the issues faced by interactive researchers in three phases – initial, implementation and conclusion. In each phase, an interactive research project is used to demonstrat...

the aim of this study is to analyze the impact of industrial structure of clusters on entrepreneurship in business clusters (case study: valuable metals and precious stones of isfahan's clusters). the relevant population is isfahan clusters of valuable metals and precious stones. number of population is over than 300enterprises. according to the formula of sampling structural equation mode...