Postural syncope may be noticed in otherwise normal persons with defective postural reflexes. Vasoconstrictor reserve--the extent to which total peripheral resistance can be increased from baseline condition is an important determinant of orthostatic tolerance. Women showed low autonomic support of blood pressure. The case of neurally mediated syncope is known to be greater in females in compar...

To determine whether coronary vasodilator reserve that persists during myocardial ischemia is present in all left ventricular regions, we measured regional blood flow in 192 left ventricular pieces (mean weight, 201 mg) in each of eight dogs by using radioactive microspheres while perfusing the left main coronary artery at 70, 50, 40, and 30 mm Hg. Flows were measured before and during adenosin...

BACKGROUND We hypothesized that coronary blood flow (CBF) reserve could be quantified noninvasively in humans using myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE). METHODS AND RESULTS Eleven patients with normal epicardial coronary arteries (group I) and 19 with single-vessel coronary stenosis (group II) underwent quantitative coronary angiography, MCE, and CBF velocity measurements at rest and d...

BACKGROUND In ischaemic cardiomyopathy, raised plasma concentrations of natriuretic peptides are associated with a poor long term prognosis, while the presence of contractile reserve is a favourable sign. OBJECTIVE To assess the relation between plasma natriuretic peptides and contractile reserve. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Tertiary referral centre. PATIENTS 66 cons...

Background: In ischaemic cardiomyopathy, raised plasma concentrations of natriuretic peptides are associated with a poor long term prognosis, while the presence of contractile reserve is a favourable sign. Objective: To assess the relation between plasma natriuretic peptides and contractile reserve. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Tertiary referral centre. Patients: 66 consecu...

The female germline comprises a reserve population of primordial (non-growing) follicles containing diplotene oocytes arrested in the first meiotic prophase. By convention, the reserve is established when all individual oocytes are enclosed by granulosa cells. This commonly occurs prior to or around birth, according to species. Histologically, the 'reserve' is the number of primordial follicles...

This paper studies first-price (FPA) and second-price (SPA) sealed-bid auctions with independent private values in a laboratory experiment in the presence human auctioneers (HA) who set reserve prices. When comparing bidder behavior in these auctions with near-zero reserve prices to identical auctions without HA and zero reserve prices, we find that in the presence of HA bidders bid less for a ...

Leading a mentally stimulating life may build up a reserve of neural and mental resources that preserve cognitive abilities in late life. Recent autopsy evidence links neuronal density in the locus coeruleus (LC), the brain's main source of norepinephrine, to slower cognitive decline before death, inspiring the idea that the noradrenergic system is a key component of reserve (Robertson, I. H. 2...

Ovarian reserve reflects a woman's fertility potential. The ABO blood group system is a very stable genetic marker. Although many recent studies have explored the relationship between ABO blood group and ovarian reserve, a consensus has not yet been reached. This paper is the first meta-analysis and systematic review of the relationship between ABO blood type and ovarian reserve. We analyzed se...

Reserve design is concerned with optimal selection of sites for new conservation areas. Spatial reserve design explicitly considers the spatial pattern of the proposed reserve network and the effects of that pattern on reserve cost and/or ability to maintain species there. The vast majority of reserve selection formulations have assumed a linear problem structure, which effectively means that t...