There are effective vaccines against multiple extracellular bacterial pathogens, many of which contain surface antigens or toxoids of potent secreted exotoxins. But despite successful preclinical studies and multiple human trials using Staphylococcus aureus surface antigens as vaccine candidates, none have protected humans against S. aureus infections. In 2007, the CDC published that S. aureus ...

Nicotinic acid (niacin) has long been used as an antidyslipidemic drug. Its special profile of actions, especially the rise in HDL-cholesterol levels induced by nicotinic acid, is unique among the currently available pharmacological tools to treat lipid disorders. Recently, a G-protein-coupled receptor, termed GPR109A (HM74A in humans, PUMA-G in mice), was described and shown to mediate the nic...

Studies about sediment erosion were mainly concentrated on the river channel sediment, the terrestrial sediment, and the underground sediment. The transport process of underground sediment is studied in the paper. The concept of the flush potential sediment is founded. The transport equation with stable saturated seepage is set up, and the relations between the flush potential sediment and wate...

Diarrhoea and skin flushing are characteristic features of the carcinoid syndrome. The diarrhoea is thought to be caused mainly by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (Grahame-Smith, 1972) whereas the possible causes of the flushing attacks include bradykinin (Oates et al., 1964), prostaglandins (Sandler, Karim and Williams, 1968; Kaplan et al., 1973) 5-HT (Page and McCubbin, 1953) and noradrenaline and...

Booting” and “flushing” are terms used to describe an injecting behaviour in which the plunger is pulled back and the fluid (mostly blood and perhaps blood only) is re-injected. The behaviour differs from “registering,” which occurs before the drug is injected. Booting/flushing can produce subcutaneous and venous damage, and increases the risk for the spread of blood-borne viruses when used equ...

Wearing mask was encouraged to prevent dispersal of droplets and reduce the risks environmental contamination by COVID-19 during pandemic. However, we noticed a rise in initial attack, relapse or exacerbation flushing among general population due long-time wearing. In this manuscript, reported characters mask-related flushing, attempted explain reasons put forward some precautions for that. We ...

Activated neutrophils that infiltrate the liver during severe sepsis lodge themselves in the liver’s tiniest blood vessels and cause organ damage. On page 915, McDonald et al. examine how neutrophils burrow into the liver and suggest a way to pry them out. Neutrophil recruitment in response to sepsis-triggering bacterial toxins such as LPS ...

A 30-year-old man presented with a 4-h history of severe headache, vomiting, diarrhoea and epigastric pain. 1 week previously, he had undergone a left hip arthroscopy in another hospital. He had no other medical history and his only medication was naproxen for post-operative pain. His blood pressure was 70mmHg systolic, pulse rate 130 bpm, respiratory rate 24 bpm and temperature was 38.38C. Phy...

Vol. 25, No. 2, 2013 271 Received December 27, 2011, Revised July 31, 2012, Accepted for publication September 19, 2012 Corresponding author: María Luisa Martínez-Martínez, Department of Dermatology, University General Hospital of Albacete, falcó brothers, No. 37, 02006, Albacete, Spain. Tel: 34-967-59-71-00, Fax: 34-697-24-39-52, E-mail: mlmartinezm@ sescam.jccm.es This is an Open Access artic...