The NHS and Social Care in England are facing one of the biggest financial challenges for a generation. Commissioners and providers need to work on collaborative schemes to manage the increasing demand on health and social care within a period of financial constraint. Different forms of care co-ordination have been developed at different levels across the world. In the north-west of England, th...

ABPN ANd UCNS diPlomAteS Analysis of publicly available lists of Vascular Neurology diplomates from the ABPN and Neurocritical Care diplomates from the UCNS can provide a clearer understanding of subspecialization trends in Neurology. Both lists include the full legal name, degrees held, and city of residence at the time of certification. This allows for determination of which diplomates receiv...

OBJECTIVE Metric tracking of grant funding over time for academic neurosurgeons sorted by gender informs the current climate career development internationally women in neurosurgery. METHODS Multivariate linear trend analysis awarded to NIH and World Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures Results (RePORTER) was performed. Traveling fellowships international neurosurgery resident...

Pharmacy residencies (originally termed “internships”) began in the early 1930s, primarily for the purpose of training pharmacists for the management of pharmacy services in hospitals. The first nonacademic residency program is believed to have been conducted by Harvey A. K. Whitney at the University of Michigan Hospital. Approximately 10 years later, the first residency program combined with f...