This paper describes a computational method to calculate the friction force between two rough surfaces. In the model used, friction results from forces developed during elastic deformation and shear resistance of adhesive junctions at the contact areas. Contacts occur between asperities and have arbitrary orientations with respect to the surfaces. The size and slope of each contact area depend ...

A point-force, load-deflection method using a stylus-type surface profiler to determine the Young's moduli (Ey ) of thinfilm microstructural materials is introduced. In this method both force and deflection in microstructures are measured simultaneously by the profiler to provide a convenient and accurate means to obtain Young's modulus directly. Measurements on two types of micromechanical str...

to evaluate the earth seismic response due to earthquake effects, ground response analyses are used to predict ground surface motions for development of design response spectra, to compute dynamic stresses and strains for evaluation of liquefaction hazards, and to determine the earthquake induced forces that can lead to instability of earth and earth-retaining structures. most of the analytical...

Residual stresses are created usually undesirably during manufacturing processes, including casting, welding, metal forming, etc. Residual stresses alone or in combination with other factors can cause the destruction and fracture of components or significant decline in their service life. Therefore, it is crucial to measure the residual stresses. Contour method is a destructive testing method c...

A t-design rc with parameters t (u, k, A) is a finite incidence structure with u points and k points on each block such that any t-subset is contained in exactly 1 blocks. Incidence between a point P and a block d is denoted by P 1 d or d 1 P. We usually denote by b the number of blocks of 17. A block p of a t-design (t > 1) is said to be repeated x times if there exists exactly x blocks d such...

BACKGROUND Below-knee amputees commonly experience asymmetrical gait patterns and develop comorbidities in their intact and residual legs. Carbon fiber prosthetic feet have been developed to minimize these asymmetries by utilizing elastic energy storage and return to provide body support, forward propulsion and leg swing initiation. However, how prosthetic foot stiffness influences walking char...