Comminuted raw turkey, containing 1.4% sodium chloride, 0.3% sodium phosphate, and 0 (control), 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, or 3.5% sodium lactate, was inoculated with a 10-strain mixture of proteolytic type A and B Clostridium botulinum spores. The inoculated turkey was vacuum packaged and cooked by immersion in heated water to an internal temperature of 71.1 degrees C. Samples were incubated at 27 degrees...

turkey is a favourite place for the growth and the development of myxomycete due to its climatic conditions and flora. during routine field trips to several locations of gökçeada (çanakkale), which is the largest island of turkey, numerous samples of myxomycetes were collected. according to the available checklists, diderma effusum (schw.) morgan records for the first time from turkey. it has b...

1Ministry of Labour and Social Security, Ankara, Turkey (Correspondence to R. Güven: [email protected]). 2Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. Received: 17/02/04; accepted: 11/04/05 ABSTRACT Turkey is an intermediate endemic area for hepatitis B virus infection. The study investigated the hepatitis B exposure risk and prevalence of hepatitis B...

The emission of microorganisms, especially resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), from poultry farms is of public interest, and its occurrence and relevance are controversially discussed. So far, there are limited data on this issue. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of livestock-associated (LA)-MRSA inside and outside previously tested MRSA-p...

Land applications of manure from confined animal systems and direct deposit by grazing animals are both major sources of nutrients in streams. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of P-based manure applications on total suspended solids (TSS) and nutrient losses from dairy manures and poultry litter surface applied to pasturelands and to compare the nutrient losses transpo...

375 Increased cardiac and stroke death risk in the first year after discontinuation of postmenopausal hormone therapy Minttu Venetkoski, MD, Hanna Savolainen-Peltonen, MD, PhD, Päivi Rahkola-Soisalo, MD, PhD, Fabian Hoti, MSc, Pia Vattulainen, MSc, Mika Gissler, PhD, Olavi Ylikorkala, MD, PhD, and Tomi S. Mikkola, MD, PhD Discontinuation of postmenopausal hormone therapy is associated with incr...

Late Preclassic (300 BC-AD 100) turkey remains identified at the archaeological site of El Mirador (Petén, Guatemala) represent the earliest evidence of the Mexican turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) in the ancient Maya world. Archaeological, zooarchaeological, and ancient DNA evidence combine to confirm the identification and context. The natural pre-Hispanic range of the Mexican turkey does not ext...

Early developments in commercial hatchery technology, artificial incubation and brooding, marketing, diagnostic testing, and key infrastructure improvements from 1900 to 1950 contributed to the growth and present prominence of the poultry industry in the Shenandoah Valley and its importance in the agricultural economy of Virginia. In 2003, Virginia ranked 5, 9, and 31 in the nation for commerci...

We investigated the inhibition of Clostridium perfringens spore germination and outgrowth by the biopolymer chitosan during abusive chilling of cooked ground beef (25% fat) and turkey (7% fat) obtained from a retail store. Chitosan was mixed into the thawed beef or turkey at concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, or 3.0% (w/w) along with a heat-activated 3-strain spore cocktail to obtain a final s...

The efficacy of the pleuromutilin derivative 81.723 hfu was tested in chicks and turkey poults by experimentally infecting them with Mycoplasma gallisepticum. The data were treated to obtain the mean effective doses, and these were compared to those obtained with tylosin tartrate. The compounds were administered either by ingluvial catheter or via the drinking water. Therapy was started on the ...