PURPOSE The effectiveness of physical examination skills (PES) training is very rarely assessed using the "post-then-pre" approach. In this study, a retro-pre-questionnaire was used to study the effect of structured physical examination skills training (SPEST) imparted to second-year undergraduate medical students. METHODS KIST Medical College (KISTMC) affiliated to Tribhuvan University Nepal...

Whereas top-down attentional control is known to bias perceptual functions at many levels of stimulus analysis, its possible influence over memory-related functions remains uncharted. Our experiment combined behavioral measures and event-related potentials (ERPs) to test the ability of spatial orienting to bias functions associated with visual short-term memory (VSTM), and to shed light on the ...

A retro-inverso peptide is made up of d-amino acids in a reversed sequence and, when extended, assumes a side chain topology similar to that of its parent molecule but with inverted amide peptide bonds. Despite their limited success as antigenic mimicry, retro-inverso isomers generally fail to emulate the protein-binding activities of their parent peptides of an alpha-helical nature. In studyin...

Retro-auricular cellulitis associated with otitis externa is now the great mimicker of mastoiditis. It may be the most common cause of this specific cellulitis/auricular protrusion when it is associated with otitis externa. This column presents six cases of children who presented with peri-auricular redness, four of whom had protuberant ear and retro-auricular cellulitis.

background cataract is one of the most common surgical procedures in the elderly. in most cases, the elderly have cardiac ischemia or chronic coronary diseases, which would lead to more ischemic events during general anesthesia. therefore, surgeons and anesthetists prefer regional aesthesia to the general one owing to its more advantages and less complications. objectives therefore, this study ...

Introduction Scores aimed at contributing to the optimization of exercise testing (ET) have been developed and the experience with their application in coronary artery disease (CAD) has proven to be favorable1. Although there is debate on the use of scores in clinical practice, those that stand for it argue that they may decrease the rate of undiagnosed CAD, besides reducing the number of patie...

The nature of this pamphlet is abundantly evident from its title. The information necessary for its compilation has been drawn chiefly from the Medical Register, Churchill's Directory, and the Bengal Quarterly Army List. As it contains, in a compact form, a considerable amount of personal information regarding the Officers of the Bengal Medical Service, it ought to commend itself to the individ...

[reaction: see text] The scope and generality of a new reaction of indoles with MTAD is discussed. In most cases the ene-type reaction proceeds within seconds or minutes at 0 degrees C to provide the urazole adducts in high yield. This reaction provides the first method for protecting the indole 2,3-double bond since the urazole adducts can be reconverted to the starting indole (retro-ene) simp...

A novel pyrrolidine-based chiral phosphoproline is an effective bifunctional organocatalyst for the asymmetric Michael addition of ketones to nitroolefins giving high levels of diastereo- and enantio-selectivities (up to > 99 : 1 dr and 96% ee). anti-SR Transition state has the lowest barrier which controls the stereoselectivity, in agreement with experimental results.