High Q frequency reference devices are essential components in many Integrated circuits. This paper will focus on the Resonant Suspended Gate (RSG) MOSFET. The gate in this structure has been designed to resonate at 38.4MHz. The MOSFET in this device has a retrograde channel to achieve high output current. For this purpose, abrupt retrograde channel and Gaussian retrograde channels have bee...

The present study was aimed at disclosing the pattern(s) of putative co-incidence of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) within the porcine “oviductal” efferent neurons using combined retrograde tracing and double-labelling immunohistochemistry. The fluorescent ret...

Apnea is an important protective response to upper airway irritation, but the central mechanisms responsible for eliciting sensory-induced apnea are not well understood. Recent studies have emphasized the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus in producing apnea and proposed a trigeminoparabrachial pathway for mediating these reflexes. However, in our earlier study of apneic responses produced by glutamate stim...

Examination of repaired spinal cord tracts has usually required separate groups of animals for anterograde and retrograde tracing owing to the incompatibility of techniques such as tissue fixation. However, anterograde and retrograde labeling of different animals subjected to the same repair may not allow accurate examination of that repair strategy because widely variable results can occur in ...

The medial habenula (MHb) is a key bridge between limbic forebrain and midbrain monoaminergic centers. Although its exact behavioral function remains enigmatic, it is implicated in regulating many behaviors such as stress responses and circadian rhythm. Fundamental information such as the neurotransmitters in the afferent and efferent projections of the MHb remains unclear. By combining retrogr...

A man with end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy had undergone orthotopic heart transplantation followed by heterotopic heart transplantation at the age of 52 years in 2001.1 After the procedure, he had lived uneventfully with the cooperation of 2 donor hearts working in his body. In 2009, 8 years after transplantation, the patient underwent scheduled cardiac catheterization. Retrograde cannulation ...

post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ercp) pancreatitis is a frequent complication either for diagnosis or treatment of pancreatobiliary diseases. a number of pharmacological agents have been tried for prevention or alleviation of the complication. allopurinol with free radical scavenger property has been considered as an effective prophylactic agent in some clinical trials. adm...

conventional implant dentistry has been limited to healed edentulous ridges with adequate bone. predictable success rates resulted in using dental implants in compromised situations such as insertion into old infected sites or near to pathological areas. there is significant data about marginal bone loss and lack of osseointegration around the neck of implants. however, the data about peri apic...