Setose pads of aquatic Epeorus assimilis larvae are specialised structures located ventrally on the part of the gill lamella contacting the substrate and were suggested to have an attachment function in strong currents. In order to test the role of these setose pads in underwater attachment for the first time, we measured friction (shear) forces generated by the gill lamellae on solid substrate...

The buccal mucosa lines the inner aspect of the cheek and the lip. It is limited superiorly and inferiorly by its attachments to the alveoli. It extends posteriorly to the retromolar trigone. Deep to the buccal mucosa is the buccinator muscle (Figures 2, 3). Immediately lateral to the buccinator muscle is the facial artery and the buccal artery and the vascular plexus that the buccinator myomuc...

Polymorphous low‐grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) is difficult to diagnose due to its indolent clinical presentation and due to its morphological diversity that includes several microscopic patterns. Distinguishing it from high‐grade tumors of salivary gland is important, as the management and prognosis of this tumor differ. We report a considerably rare case of PLGA in retromolar area highlighting ...

Restriction of expansion of the lungs or chest wall impedes inflation of the lungs during inhalation. Functional changes occurring during such restriction include reduced pulmonary and/or chest wall compliance, decreases in pulmonary function, and ultimately a decrease in exercise performance. Such restriction can be seen in several pathologic conditions such as scoliosis or obesity, as well as...

A private-key cryptosystem may be viewed as a means by which a trusted dealer privately conveys a large, shared pseudo-random object to a pair of players, using little communication. Alternatively, the messages distributed by the dealer may be viewed as a secure compression of a pair of large identical random pads (or random functions) into a shorter shared “key” or “seed”. We pose the question...

To determine if helmet removal causes a significant increase in lordosis of the cervical spine in ice hockey players, we radiographically assessed the position of the cervical spine in subjects immobilized to a standard spine backboard wearing shoulder pads both with and without a helmet. Ten adult male volunteers (ages, 18 to 28 years) with no previous history of cervical spine injuries were f...

The peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are a family of posttranslational modification enzymes that catalyze the conversion of positively charged protein-bound arginine and methylarginine residues to the uncharged, nonstandard amino acid citrulline. This enzymatic activity is referred to as citrullination or, alternatively, deimination. Citrullination can significantly affect biochemical pathway...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate vertical forces in the pads of German Shepherd dogs by relative percentage among total limb vertical forces using a pressure sensitive walkway. PROCEDURE A pressure sensitive walkway was used to collect vertical force data for each pad of the limbs of 16 healthy client-owned German Shepherd dogs used for kinetic gait analysis. The vertical force for each pad was evaluate...