T H E EXPERIENCE-RATING provisions of 50 State unemployment insurance laws operated during 1947 to reduce by almost half the amount that would have been collectible at the standard tax rate. War-risk contributions, which in 1943, 1944, and 1945 had counteracted the experience-rating reductions to some extent, were not payable in 1947. In 1946, the year for which information is at hand, warrisk ...

On December 22, 1987, President Reagan signed into law the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) of 1987 (Public Law 100-203). This bill contains major legislation affecting many Federal programs including those administered by the Social Security Administration (SSA). Among the SSA-related provisions are several Social Security coverage and revenue provisions recommended by the Administrati...

Figure: "My Wife and My Mother-in-Law" by William E. Hill (1915). High-quality oncology care can be very expensive, and often entails resourceintensive therapy given over moderate to prolonged periods of time. Patients who either do not have insurance or are underinsured can have difficulty accessing therapy. The 340b program was instituted approximately 2 decades ago with the intent of improvi...

In a two-stage supply chain composed of a supplier and a retailer, the supply chain models under a fuzzy environment are researched. The parameters of market demand function, the costs of the supplier and retailer are treated as trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. The decision processes are analyzed under the decentralized and centralized decision, and the decision model with revenue sharing contract is...

This paper discusses the influence of time inconsistency problem on technology-leading firms' choice between in-house production and technology transfer. Because of incredibility of innovator's commitment of not exporting after licensing, she may not be able to extract rent from licensing as much as when she could commit credibly. Facing this distortion, she chooses in-house production when the...

Administrative costs account for 25 percent of health care spending, but little is known about the portion attributable to billing and insurance-related (BIR) functions. We estimated BIR for hospital and physician care in California. Data for physician practices came from a mail survey and interviews; for hospitals, from regulatory reporting; and for private insurers, from a consulting company....

This article compares the revenue, expenditures, and beneficiary population under the old-age, survivors, and disability insurance program in 1984-85 with the experience for earlier years. The tables and charts presented here examine such topics as the population covered by the program, the increase in the number of beneficiaries, the rise in average benefit amounts, and the growth in the propo...

The demand for hedging against price uncertainty in the presence of crop yield and revenue insurance contracts is examined for French wheat farms. The rationale for the use of options in addition to futures is first highlighted through the characterization of the first-best hedging strategy in the expected utility framework. It is then illustrated using numerical simulations. The presence of op...

A model was developed to assess the impact of possible moves towards universal coverage in Tanzania over a 15-year time frame. Three scenarios were considered: maintaining the current situation ('the status quo'); expanded health insurance coverage (the estimated maximum achievable coverage in the absence of premium subsidies, coverage restricted to those who can pay); universal coverage to all...