In the Gulf region, major source of drinking water is from sea desalination with reverse osmosis process. It a well-known fact that during process highly concentrated brine wastewater being discharged into deep sea. As result, ecosystem and aquatic life are disturbed. The coral reefs diminishing in vicinity discharge point. aim this project to convert plant (brine) dilute caustic solution. An e...

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is a promising process for harvesting energy from the salinity gradient between two solutions without environmental impacts. Seawater (SW) and river water (RW) are considered main RED feed because of their good availability. In Okinawa Island (Japan), SW desalination via reverse osmosis (RO) can be integrated with due to production large amount RO brine (concentrat...

As engineers, a confliction readily appears in regards to cost efficiency against quality. Civil Engineer A of Peace Corps was assigned the task of the design and building of a desalination though electrodialysis plant in rural Uttar Pradesh, India. Desalination is the process of removing high salt contents from groundwater in order to render it drinkable. Of the total volume of water on Earth,...

Hydrogen gas can be electrochemically produced in microbial reverse-electrodialysis electrolysis cells (MRECs) using current derived from organic matter and salinity-gradient energy such as river water and seawater solutions. Here, it is shown that ammonium bicarbonate salts, which can be regenerated using low-temperature waste heat, can also produce sufficient voltage for hydrogen gas generati...