Explanation closure (EC) axioms were previously introduced as a means of solving the frame problem. This paper provides a thorough demonstration of the power of EC combined with action closure (AC) for reasoning about dynamic worlds, by way of Sandewall's test suite of 12-or-so problems ((30], 31]). Sandewall's problems range from the \Yale turkey shoot" (and variants) to the \stuuy room" probl...

Agent supervision is a form of control/customization where a supervisor restricts the behavior of an agent to enforce certain requirements, while leaving the agent as much autonomy as possible. This is done in a setting based on the situation calculus and a variant of the ConGolog programming language that is situation-determined, i.e., the remaining program is a function of the action performe...

This paper introduces GLAM, a system based on situation calculus and meta-rules, which is able to provide adaptation by means of selection of actions. It is primarily designed to provide adaptive navigation. The different levels of conception, related to different aspects of the available metadata, are split in different layers in GLAM, in order to ease the conception of the adaptation system a...

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2002 is being shared between scientists in two important fields: mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The Laureates, John B. Fenn and Koichi Tanaka (for MS) and Kurt Wüthrich (for NMR), have contributed in different ways to the further development of these methods to embrace biological macromolecules. This has meant a revolutionary breakt...

ACCORDING to the standard story, which is unfortunately still found in many physics textbooks, quantum theory emerged when it was realized that classical physics predicts an energy distribution for black-body radiation that disagrees violently with that found experimentally. In the late 1890s, so the story continues, the German physicist Wilhelm Wien developed an expression that corresponded re...

Medical science has made revolutionary changes in the past decades. Contemporaneously however, healthcare has made incremental changes at best. The growing discrepancy between the revolutionary changes in medicine and the minimal changes in healthcare processes is leading to inefficient and ineffective healthcare deliver and one if not the significant contributor to the exponentially increasing...

In this article, we focused on the presence of verbs and nouns in Su‘ād al-Ṣabāḥ Fatāfīt Imraʼa (Fragments a Woman), significance tense as section grammatical structures, which turn are considered part structural methods. Imraʼa, with most its poems, is revolutionary work for rejection humiliating reality, social postulates that made man dominant his relationship women. Since revolution based c...

This history of cardiology is replete with examples of changes in clinical care that were driven by the development of new technology. The enormous potential clinical value of electrocardiography became apparent with the development of the early string galvanometers, which were expensive and bulky. However, this potential was realized only when electrocardiographic machines became streamlined, ...