The ribosome is subjected to post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, that affect its biological activity. Among ribosomal elements, the P-proteins undergo phosphorylation within C terminus, element which interacts with trGTPases or ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs); however, role of has never been elucidated. Here, we probed function on interaction RIPs using P1-P2 dime...

The well established phenomenon of ribosome drop-off plays crucial roles in translational accuracy and nutrient starvation responses during protein translation. When cells are under stress conditions, such as amino acid starvation or aminoacyl-tRNA depletion due to a high level of recombinant protein expression, ribosome drop-off can substantially affect the efficiency of protein expression. He...

Ribosome assembly factors guide the complex process by which ribosomal proteins and RNAs form a functional ribosome. However, of plant plastid ribosomes is poorly understood. In present study, we discovered maize (Zea mays) ribosome factor based on our characterization embryo defective 15 (emb15) mutant. Loss function Emb15 retards development at an early stage, but does not substantially affec...

Ribosome stalling on mRNAs can decrease protein expression. To decipher ribosome kinetics at stall sites, we induced ribosome stalling at specific codons by starving the bacterium Escherichia coli for the cognate amino acid. We measured protein synthesis rates from a reporter library of over 100 variants that encoded systematic perturbations of translation initiation rate, the number of stall s...

Team pursuit track cycling is a bicycle racing sport held on velodromes and is part of the Summer Olympics. It involves the use of strategies to minimize the overall time that a team of cyclists needs to complete a race. We present an optimisation framework for team pursuit track cycling and show how to evolve strategies using metaheuristics for this interesting real-world problem. Our experime...

A technique for rescue task in bore well environment has been proposed. India is facing a distressed cruel situation where in the previous years a number of child deaths have been reported falling in the bore well. As the diameter of the bore well is quiet narrow for any adult person and the lights goes dark inside it, the rescue task in those situations is a challenging task. Here we are propo...

Protein synthesis in the chloroplast is mediated by the chloroplast ribosome (chloro-ribosome). Overall architecture of the chloro-ribosome is considerably similar to the Escherichia coli (E. coli) ribosome but certain differences are evident. The chloro-ribosome proteins are generally larger because of the presence of chloroplast-specific extensions in their N- and C-termini. The chloro-riboso...

Correspondence to Prof. Dr. C. Kloft, Institute of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Kelchstr. 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany charlotte.kloft@ fu-berlin.de