BACKGROUND The effective use of plant biomass for biofuel and bioproduct production requires a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis to understand the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources. Here we compared four methods side-by-side for their ability to measure the neutral and acidic sugar composition of cell walls from herbaceous, grass, and...

A universal coefficient theorem in the setting of Kirchberg’s ideal-related KK -theory was obtained in the fundamental case of a Calgebra with one specified ideal by Bonkat in [1] and proved there to split, unnaturally, under certain conditions. Employing certain K-theoretical information derivable from the given operator algebras in a way introduced here, we shall demonstrate that Bonkat’s UCT...

Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) is the first committed enzyme in the monolignol pathway for lignin biosynthesis and catalyzes the conversion of hydroxycinnamoyl-CoAs into hydroxycinnamaldehydes. In the rice genome, 33 genes are annotated as CCR and CCR-like genes, collectively called OsCCRs. To elucidate the functions of OsCCRs, their phylogenetic relationships, expression patterns at the transcr...

We calculate the logarithmic contributions to the massive Wilson coefficients for deep-inelastic scattering in the asymptotic region Q2 m2 to 3-loop order in the fixed flavor number scheme and present the corresponding expressions for the massive operator matrix elements needed in the variable flavor number scheme. Explicit expressions are given in Mellin N -space.

Rice stripe disease, caused by Rice stripe virus (RSV), is one of the most serious rice diseases in temperate and subtropical regions of the world. Since RSV is not transmissible mechanically, an insect transmission test was the original basis for identification of the viral population and cultivar resistance. A simple, rapid and reliable method is described by which virus-free small brown plan...

The present study was designed to explore the flavonoid contents and the radical scavenging activities of 50% ethanol extracts of leaves, stems, rachis and roots of Dryopteris erythrosora. The total flavonoid contents in various parts were determined as: stems > roots > rachis > leaves. All extracts from different parts of D. erythrosora showed strong bioactivities. The DPPH free radical scaven...

The present study was designed to explore the flavonoid contents and the radical scavenging activities of 50% ethanol extracts of leaves, stems, rachis and roots of Dryopteris erythrosora. The total flavonoid contents in various parts were determined as: stems > roots > rachis > leaves. All extracts from different parts of D. erythrosora showed strong bioactivities. The DPPH free radical scaven...

I n 2002, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization launched a program to recognize “globally important agricultural heritage systems” (1). However, so far, only eight systems have been included (1). In PNAS, the work by Xie et al. (2) reports the results of a 5-yr study of one of the systems, a farming system in south China, where for over 1,200 y, farmers have grown an indigenous s...