Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that enhances renal tumor formation in the outer medulla of male rat kidney. Direct DNA damage and subsequent mutagenicity may contribute to these processes. In this study we have determined whether OTA in the absence or presence of activated rat liver microsomes (RLM) or redox-active transition metals (Fe(III) or Cu(II)) causes promutagenic DNA damage in the s...

The aim of this study is to investigate the metabolic (cytochrome P450-dependent) behaviour of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines 1-10 dual Abl/Src kinase inhibitors. All the compounds demonstrate good metabolic stability both in human liver (HLM) and in rat liver (RLM) microsomes. Moreover, all the tested molecules undergo the same metabolic CYP-dependent reactions, namely oxidative dechlorination and...

Ascent sequences were introduced by Bousquet-Mélou, Claesson, Dukes and Kitaev in their study of (2 + 2)-free posets. An ascent sequence of length n is a nonnegative integer sequence x = x1x2 . . . xn such that x1 = 0 and xi ≤ asc(x1x2 . . . xi−1) + 1 for all 1 < i ≤ n, where asc(x1x2 . . . xi−1) is the number of ascents in the sequence x1x2 . . . xi−1. We let An stand for the set of such seque...

We present a bit rate maximising per-tone equalisation (BM-PTEQ) cost function that is based on an exact subchannel SNR as a function of per-tone equaliser in discrete multitone (DMT) systems. We then introduce the proposed BM-PTEQ criterion whose derivation for solution is shown to inherit from the methodology of the existing bit rate maximising time-domain equalisation (BM-TEQ). By solving a ...

Receiver-driven Layered Multicast (RLM) has previously been proposed to distribute video over the best-effort heterogeneous IP networks. Although RLM can avoid network overloading in multicast, its rate control mechanism performs poorly under bursty traffic conditions, which is the characteristic of today’s Internet. In this paper, we propose a new scheme called Network-Driven Layered Multicast...