By land or by sea In the spring of 1866 the “cholera” steamship, SS England, left Queenstown on the southern tip of Ireland, bound for New York with a full complement of immigrants, mostly German and Irish. The SS England was new and fast and her specifications complied with the ventilation and space-per-passenger requirements dictated by the Shipping Act. When she departed Ireland her passenge...

Abstract Background Heatstroke is becoming an increasingly serious threat to outdoor activities, especially, at the time of large events organized during summer, including Olympic Games or various types happenings in amusement parks like Disneyland other popular venues. The risk heatstroke naturally affected by a high temperature, but it also dependent on contextual factors such as presence sha...

Abstract Introduction: Road accidents are a major cause of health problems in the world, and lifestyle stress is one of the most important factors in the occurrence of these events. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between life stress and road accidents. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted in Hamadan in 2013. The sampling method was carr...

We consider the multi-period location planning problem of emergency medical service (EMS) stations. Our objective is to maximize the total population serviced by two distinct stations within two different response time limits over a multi-period planning horizon. Our aim is to provide a backup station in case no ambulance is available in the closer station and to develop a strategic plan that s...

We study the problem of suitably locating US Coast Guard air stations to respond to emergency distress calls. Our goal is to identify robust locations in the presence of uncertainty in distress call locations. Our analysis differs from the literature primarily in the way we model this uncertainty. In our optimization and simulation based methodology, we develop a statistical model and demonstra...

introduction: the improvement of technology has increased noise levels in hospital wards to higher than international standard levels (35-45 db). higher noise levels than the maximum level result in patient’s instability and dissatisfaction. moreover, it will have serious negative effects on the staff’s health and the quality of their services. the purpose of this survey is to analyze the level...

In August 2007, several horses showed pyrexia and respiratory signs while in post-arrival quarantine in Australia. Subsequent investigations diagnosed equine influenza by serology and PCR in two quarantine stations. A common origin in a shipment of horses from Japan was indicated.

Constructing new urban facilities requires precise study of the proper sitting in different parts of a city. The first point for the accurate allocation of urban facilities, is to select the optimal site regarding different conditions and it matters when it comes to important factors such as saving lives and safety of the people. Therefore, the optimal site selection of fire stations is essenti...