We review the current status of the exotic pentaquark baryons. After a brief look at experiments of both positive and negative results, we discuss theoretical methods to study the structure and reactions for the pentaquarks. First we introduce the quark model and the chiral soliton model, where we discuss the relation of mass spectrum and parity with some emphasis on the role of chiral symmetry...

We re-analyze the predictions of chiral-soliton models for the masses and decay widths of baryons in the exotic antidecuplet of flavour SU(3). The calculated ranges of the chiral-soliton moment of inertia and the π-nucleon scattering ΣπN term are used together with the observed baryon octet and decuplet mass splittings to estimate 1430MeV < mΘ+ < 1660MeV and 1790 MeV < mΞ−− < 1970MeV. These are...

We compare oscillations of a fundamental string ending on a D3-brane in two different settings: (1) a test-string radially threading the horizon of an extremal black D3-brane and (2) the spike soliton of the DBI effective action for a D3-brane. Previous work has shown that overall transverse modes of the test-string appear as l = 0 modes of the transverse scalar fields of the DBI system. We ide...

New two-component soliton solutions of the coupled high-frequency (HF)-low-frequency (LF) system, based on Schrödinger-Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) system with the Zakharov's coupling, are obtained for arbitrary relative strengths of the nonlinearity and dispersion in the LF component. The complex HF field is governed by the linear Schrödinger equation with a potential generated by the real LF compo...

y Supported in part by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under contract number Re{856/2-2. z Supported by a Habilitanden{scholarship of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). Abstract The description of baryons as chiral solitons of the Nambu{Jona{Lasinio (NJL) model is reviewed. A motivation for the soliton description of baryons is provided from large N C QCD. Rigorous results on ...

We reexamine the issue of the soliton mass in two-dimensional models with N = 1 supersymmetry. The superalgebra has a central extension, and at the classical level the soliton solution preserves 1/2 of supersymmetry which is equivalent to BPS saturation. We prove that the property of BPS saturation, i.e. the equality of the soliton mass to the central charge, remains intact at the quantum level...

This paper introduces a Simulink model design for modified fountain code. The code is new version of the traditional Luby transform (LT) codes. constructs blocks required generation generator matrix limited-degree-hopping-segment (LDHS-LT) especially designed short length data files which have assigned great interest wireless sensor networks. It generates degrees in predetermined sequence but r...

We calculate the chiral odd quark distributions and the corresponding structure functions hT (x,Q ) and hL(x,Q ) within the Nambu–Jona–Lasinio chiral soliton model for the nucleon. The Q evolution of the twist–2 contributions is performed according to the standard GLAP formalism while the twist–three piece, hL(x), is evolved according to the large NC scheme. We carry out a comparison between th...

We study nucleon structure functions within the bosonized Nambu–Jona–Lasinio model where the nucleon emerges as a chiral soliton. We discuss the model predictions on the Gottfried sum rule for electron–nucleon scattering. A comparison with a low–scale parametrization shows that the model reproduces the gross features of the empirical structure functions. We also compute the leading twist contri...

In the process of searching for explicit solutions, quite a few systematic methods have been developed, such as inverse scattering transformation [1], Darboux transformations [2], Hirota’s bilinear method [3-5], and so on. Among them, the bilinear method first proposed by Hirota provides us with a comprehensive approach to construct exact solutions of nonlinear evolution equations (NEEs). Meanw...