Clay, as a rock term, describes a soft, loose, earthy material containing particles with an average grain size of less than than 0.004 mm (4 mm) in the Wentworth grain size scale and less than 0.002 mm (2 mm) in most soil investigations. Clay is composed mostly of clay minerals, but may also contain quartz, feldspar, carbonates, ferruginous material, and other non-clay materials. All clays, apa...

We examine hypotheses for the formation of light-toned layered deposits in Juventae Chasma using a combination of data from Mars Global Surveyor’s Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC), Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA), and Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES), as well as Mars Odyssey’s Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS). We divide Juventae Chasma into geomorphic units of (i) chasm wall rock, (ii) ...

The quality of concrete is highly dependent on the characteristics of its aggregate, such as the size, minerals, and their chemical properties. Even a small amount of impurities, such as hydrated sulfates, chlorine (salt), and acidic pH of the rock material, can adversely affect the quality of the concrete. Thus, many national codes and standards are developed for testing, selecting, and employ...

Once segmentation of 3D surface data of a rock pile has been performed, the next task is to determine the visibility of the surface rocks. A region boundary-following algorithm that accommodates irregularly spaced 3D coordinate data is presented for determining this visibility. We examine 3D surface segmentations of laboratory rock piles and determine which regions in the segmentation correspon...

In order to study the influence of sudden change loading rate on crack propagation and failure mode rock bridge fractured mass, specimens used in this paper were rock-like materials containing two prefabricated fractures. The mechanical properties under different constant rates changes tested. photographic monitoring acoustic emission carried out at same time. results show that: (1) process loa...

Rock deformation is considered one of the essential rock properties used in designing and constructing rock-based structures, such as tunnels slopes. This study applied two well-established ensemble techniques, including boosting bagging, to artificial neural networks decision tree methods for predicting Young’s modulus material. These techniques were a dataset comprising 45 data samples from m...

Descriptions of rock fabric and texture are of great value to geologists and petrophysicists as they can be used in facies analysis and in the interpretation of the environment of deposition. Grain shape and size information is used to correlate to petrophysical properties. They are also of importance to the production technologist for completion design and sand strength/failure prediction. Tex...