Optimized nitrogen (N) management reduces total N application without sacrificing cropyield. However, the underlining mechanisms have not been well investigated, especially lackingthe evidence from roots. Here we performed a two-year field experiment with maize grownunder zero-N, conventional N and optimized N applications and examined grain yield, N,phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) uptake and...

Eighty-four mature Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst), silver fir (Abies alba Mill) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees were winched over to determine the maximum resistive turning moment (M(a)) of the root-soil system, the root-soil plate geometry, the azimuthal orientation of root growth, and the occurrence of root rot. The calculation of M(a), based on digital image tracking of stem...

BACKGROUND Progressive enlargement of the aortic root, leading to dissection, is the main cause of premature death in patients with Marfan's syndrome. Recent data from mouse models of Marfan's syndrome suggest that aortic-root enlargement is caused by excessive signaling by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) that can be mitigated by treatment with TGF-beta antagonists, including angiote...

In a semidesert community in México (Zapotitlán de las Salinas, Puebla) the vertical distribution of roots and root biomass was estimated at 0–100 cm depth on two sampling dates, November 1995 (wet season) and January 1998 (dry season). Root productivity at 7 to 14.5 cm depth was estimated with the in-growth core technique every two months from March 1996 to February 1998. The relationship betw...

Estimates of forest net primary production (NPP) demand accurate estimates of root production and turnover. We assessed root turnover with the use of an isotope tracer in two forest free-air carbon dioxide enrichment experiments. Growth at elevated carbon dioxide did not accelerate root turnover in either the pine or the hardwood forest. Turnover of fine root carbon varied from 1.2 to 9 years, ...

Pistacia vera L. is a decidious tree. To investigate the influence of soaking seeds in polyamines (PAs) spermine (Spm), spermidine (Spd) and putrescine (Put) on seed germination and enhancing lateral root development of ‘Ghazvini’ pistachio seedling rootstock, the experiment were carried out in petri dishes and plastic bags. Seeds were soaked in PAs( Spd, Spm, and Put) at three concentrations( ...

BACKGROUND The aorta is exposed to hemodynamic stress during exercise, but whether or not the aorta is larger in athletes is not clear. We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to examine whethere athletes demonstrate increased aortic root dimensions compared with nonathlete controls. METHODS AND RESULTS We searched MEDLINE and Scopus from inception through August 12, 201...

Plant roots are the first parts of plants to face drought stress (DS), and thus root modification is important for plants to adapt to drought. We hypothesized that the roots of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) plants exhibit better adaptation in terms of morphology and phytohormones under DS. Trifoliate orange seedlings inoculated with Diversispora versiformis were subjected to well-watered (WW) and...

Wheat is an important cereal crop worldwide that often suffers from moisture deficits at the reproductive stage. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-treated hydroponic conditions create negative osmotic potential which is compared with moisture deficit stress. An experiment was conducted in a growth chamber to study the effects of PEG on root hair morphology and associated traits of wheat varieties. Plan...