background and aim . gingivitis is a reversible inflammatory reaction seen with various degrees in most individuals aged 17 to 22 years. the aim of this study was to compare the effects of two herbal extracts on streptococcus salivarius and streptococcus sanguis. materials and methods . aqueous alcoholic root extracts of malva sylvestris and salvadora persica were prepared and tested on pseudom...

Proximal aortic diameter, including aortic root (AoR) diameter, has been inversely related to pulse pressure in cross-sectional studies. So, investigators have hypothesized that a smaller AoR diameter may increase the risk of developing hypertension. Prospective studies are lacking to test this hypothesis. We measured AoR diameter in 3195 Framingham Study participants (mean age: 49 years; 57% w...

Cypress (Cupressus funebris Endl.) is a major tree species planted for forestland restoration in low-fertility soil and areas where rocky desertification has occurred. Calcium (Ca) fertilizer can adjust the pH of an important effect on growth cypress. Soil water losses are serious Southern China, acidification increasing, which results high calcium loss. However, adaptability cypress clones to ...

Plant roots typically vary along a dominant ecological axis, the root economics spectrum, depicting a tradeoff between resource acquisition and conservation. For absorptive roots, which are mainly responsible for resource acquisition, we hypothesized that root economic strategies differ with increasing root diameter. To test this hypothesis, we used seven plant species (a fern, a conifer, and f...

OBJECTIVE Dissection of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries is a well recognized cause of stroke, especially in the middle-aged. The exact etiology of this condition is controversial. According to one theory there is an underlying vasculopathy originating from disturbed development of the neural crest. The neural crest gives rise to several tissues, including the tunica media of large c...

The root : shoot ratio for Ilex cassine L. grown 7 months in copper-treated containers was less than in nontreated containers. There was less dry weight for roots <5 mm in diameter in copper-treated containers than in nontreated containers in the outer 1 cm of the rootball. Dry weight of roots >5 mm in diameter within the rootball were not affected by copper hydroxide treatment. Coating the int...

Understanding root processes at the whole-plant or ecosystem scales requires an accounting of the range of functions within a root system. Studying root traits based on their branching order can be a powerful approach to understanding this complex system. The current study examined the highly branched root system of the ericoid plant, Vaccinium corymbosum L. (highbush blueberry) by classifying ...

This study quantified honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) root growth and water use efficiency following chronic soil drought or wetness on a clay loam site in north Texas. Root systems of mature trees were containerized with barriers inserted into the soil. Soil moisture within containers was manipulated with irrigation (Irrigated) or rain sheltering (Rainout). Other treatments included conta...