In this study, first by surveythe parameters affecting the compressive strength, such as water to cement ratio, cementgrade, silica fume to cement percentage, and the various ratios oflight weight aggregate LECA, to total aggregate, Taguchi method is used, to test 9 mix designsobtained the mix design optimization. Since lightweight concrete is brittle like normal concrete, to resolve this probl...

Quantifying the soil reinforcement provided by roots is essential for assessing contribution of forests to reducing shallow landslide susceptibility. Many soil-root models were developed in literature: from standard single root model fibre bundle model. The input parameters all are geometry (diameter and length) biomechanical properties (maximum tensile force elastic modulus). This study aims i...

Root growth and decay may affect root reinforcement to soil erosion stability. We measured the effects of on tensile strength Cynodon dactylon roots considering different causes mortality common agricultural land conversion (i.e. burning herbicide application). applied three treatments C. grass: (i) duration (60, 120 180 days), (ii) after (30, 60, 120, 360 days) (iii) application (15, 30 60 day...

We evaluated the discrimination acquisition of individuals with developmental disabilities under immediate and delayed reinforcement. In Experiment 1, discrimination between two alternatives was examined when reinforcement was immediate or delayed by 20 s, 30 s, or 40 s. In Experiment 2, discrimination between 2 alternatives was compared across an immediate reinforcement condition and a delayed...

This work studied slopes with different geometric situations. The purpose is to select types of soil for embankment construction stabilise the site by using nearby accessible filling materials. Then, PLAXIS-2D software was used including five (6) phases sequential calculation such as soil, structure, mesh generation, conditions flow and stage use Vetiver grass embakment stability reinforcement....

The paper analyses how vegetation prevents the triggering of rainfall-induced shallow landslides by using G-XSLIP platform, which is based on G-SLIP model, i.e., SLIP model updated with parameters for root reinforcement and rain interception due to canopy. applied an area in Gioiosa Marea (Sicily, Italy), where 9 th September 2016 occurred, depositing state road SS 113. demonstrate that these p...

Reinforcement contingencies and social reinforcement are ubiquitous phenomena in applied behavior analysis. This discussion paper is divided into two sections. In the first section, reinforcement contingencies are discussed in terms of the necessary and sufficient conditions for reinforcement effects. Response-stimulus dependencies, conditional probabilities, and contiguity are discussed as pos...

This study uses a curve-fitting approach to evaluate the effects of drugs on reinforced responding in rats. The subjects obtained reinforcement according to a series of five different variable-interval schedules (a five-component multiple schedule). For each rat, pimozide, a neuroleptic, decreased response rate, and the decrease was associated with (1) a decrease in the estimated asymptotic res...

Basic researchers, but not most applied researchers, have assumed that the behavior-decelerating effects of noncontingent reinforcement result at least partly from adventitious reinforcement of competing behaviors. The literature contains only sketchy evidence of these effects because few noncontingent reinforcement studies measure alternative behaviors. A laboratory model is presented in which...