In this paper, we discuss rotation number on the invariant curve of a one parameter family of outer billiard tables. Given a convex polygon η, we can construct an outer billiard table T by cutting out a fixed area A from the interior of η. T is piece-wise hyperbolic and the polygon η is an invariant curve of T under the billiard map φ. We will show that, if β ∈ η is a periodic point under φ wit...

To what extent must a hydrophobic gate expand for the channel to count as open? We address this question using the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) as the exemplar. The nAChR is an integral membrane protein which forms a cation selective channel gated by neurotransmitter binding to its extracellular domain. A hydrophobic gating model has been proposed for the nAChR, whereby the pore is ...

A large obstacle for realizing photonic logic is the weak optical nonlinearity of available materials, which results in large power consumption. In this paper, we present the theoretical design of all-optical logic with second-order (χð2Þ) nonlinear bimodal cavities and their networks. Using semiclassical models derived from the Wigner quasiprobability distribution function, we analyze the powe...

In this paper, novel hybrid MOSFET(HMOS) structure has been proposed to reduce the gate leakage current drastically. This novel hybrid MOSFET (HMOS) uses source/drain-to-gate non-overlap region in combination with high-K layer/interfacial oxide as gate stack. The extended S/D in the non-overlap region is induced by fringing gate electric field through the high-k dielectric spacer. The gate leak...

We report the design, fabrication and optical investigation of electrically tunable single quantum dots—photonic crystal defect nanocavities operating in both the weak and strong coupling regimes of the light–matter interaction. Unlike previous studies where the dot–cavity spectral detuning was varied by changing the lattice temperature, or by the adsorption of inert gases at low temperatures, ...

II. Interaction of light with matter 7 A. Absorption of radiation by matter 10 B. Spontaneous emission 13 C. Selection Rules: Transitions within the same electronic state 15 1. Rotational Selection Rules 16 2. Vibrational Selection Rules 17 D. Pure Rotation Transitions 18 E. Vibration-Rotation Transitions 22 1. Q branches 24 F. Electronic-Rotational-Vibrational Transitions 25 G. Selection Rules...

We propose definitions of QAC, the quantum analog of the classical class AC of constant-depth circuits with AND and OR gates of arbitrary fan-in, and QACC[q], where n-ary MODq gates are also allowed. We show that it is possible to make a ‘cat’ state on n qubits in constant depth if and only if we can construct a parity or MOD2 gate in constant depth; therefore, any circuit class that can fan ou...

The Bethe-Salpeter wave function X( q v + P v, q •) for two spin-l/2 quarks bound by the exchange of a scalar meson is examined in the ladder model. We seek the behavior <if X as the squared momentum, (q + P)2, on one leg becomes infinite while the squared momentum, q 2, on the other leg remains fixed. This behavior is investigated by making a Wick rotation, expanding x in partial-wave amplitud...

This paper proposes a real-observation quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm (RQEA) to solve a class of globally numerical optimization problems with continuous variables. By introducing a real observation and an evolutionary strategy, suitable for real optimization problems, based on the concept of Q-bit phase, RQEA uses a Q-gate to drive the individuals toward better solutions and eventuall...