Operation Flood and dairy co-operatives emerged in India as the largest rural employment scheme, enabling the modernization of the dairy sector to a level from where it can take off to meet not only the country’s demand for milk and milk products but can also exploit global market opportunities. This study reviews the existing status of milk marketing and dairy co-operatives in India and provid...

Implementing the objective of convergence, the European Union actively participates in the economic development process of individual countries and regions. This participation is expressed in the formation of principles of the structural and regional policy, as well as cohesion policy, which cover the offer of a wide range of instruments to support the development of business activity. The Euro...

Fixed broadband wireless access is a promising technology allowing Internet service providers to expend their customer base in sparsely populated rural areas. Because the size of the target service area is humongous, relay infrastructure is essential. Installing and maintaining this relay infrastructure is the main cost associated with such networks. Thus, we develop an optimization framework w...

China accounts for a large number of suicides worldwide, and most occur in rural areas. Suicide research in China has primarily focused on individual-level risk factors, few have studied the influence of neighborhood contexts. This ecological study examines the association of suicide rates with social fragmentation and socioeconomic deprivation in Chinese rural villages. Data from the community...

BACKGROUND Health workforce shortages in rural and remote areas are a global challenge that almost every health system has to deal with. This study aimed to discover neurosurgeons' job preferences and propose policy interventions that could possibly increase their retention in rural, remote, or underserved areas. METHODS A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted in November 2014 with a...

Nowadays, the development of world shows that building a new countryside is only way for all countries to move towards industrialization and urbanization. Whether from perspective or China’s century-old villages, rural agriculture very important. Rural infrastructure construction key measure promote aspects development. The purpose this paper analyze current situation construction, study factor...

Rural and suburban development has been and will continue to depend heavily on the use of onsite private sewage systems. The exodus to rural settings combined with changing technologies for sewage disposal that reduce site limitations to development have raised a broad set of land use, infrastructure, and environmental concerns. In a study of development in Wisconsin, we found that the type of ...

Australia's rural hospitals face most of the same issues and challenges faced by metropolitan hospitals. However they also face additional challenges around geographic isolation, their iconic status and role as major employers in local communities, and their close relationship with community based health services. Future opportunities include more formal integration with community service throu...

The importance of infrastructure in economic development has been increasingly recognized by governments, development institutions, and the research community. Despite a sizable literature on its efficiency and growth effects, the distributive impacts of infrastructure have been largely overlooked, with a few recent exceptions. This is regrettable, particularly given the overwhelming concern ab...