Plant pathogens and their hosts often coexist with mammal grazers. However, the direction strength of grazing effects on foliar fungal diseases can be idiosyncratic, varying among host plant species pathogen types. We combined a 6 yr yak-grazing experiment, clipping experiment simulating different consumption patterns (leaf damage vs whole-leaf removal), meta-analysis 63 comparisons to evaluate...

Mitochondrially encoded cox2 sequences were used to infer evolutionary relationships of downy mildew and white rust taxa in a data set of 36 peronosporomycete isolates. The data set of 599 aligned nucleotides was analysed using neighbor joining, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood. These phylogenetic analyses did not infer separate monophyletic orders for the Pythiales versus downy mildew...

Solutions of complex problems require intelligent systems that combine knowledge, techniques and methodologies, from different sources, considering environmental changes, for decision support improvement. Thus, it became necessary to apply robust methodologies to characterize the interaction among climatic variables related to epidemic progress. The objective of the present work was to evaluate...

, Rust fungi are important plant pathogens, infecting taxonomically diverged plant taxa such as angiospermes, gymnospermes and also some pteridophytes. Though members of all families of spermatophytes are infected by rusts, it is interesting that members of the Poaceae, Leguminosae and Compositae are the dominating hosts. Many of the plants are economically important crops such as maize, wheat,...

The formation of Fe n,m hydmxy salts (green rusts) from Fe n sulphate and chloride solutions and their transformation to lepidocrocite, 7-FeOOH, was studied at ambient temperature, constant pH of ~7.0 and under controlled air flow. The formation of green rust and its subsequent transformation to lepidocrocite could be distinguished by the reaction rate and solution chemistry. The SO4 2-and CI-c...

the 1rs chromosome segment derived from petkus rye carries genes for resistance to three wheat rust diseases, namely lr26 for resistance to leaf rust (caused by puccinia triticina), yr9 for resistance to stripe rust (p.striiformis f. sp. tritici) and sr31 for resistance to stem rust (p. graminis f. sp. tritici). since sec-1 is tightly linked with the three rust resis-tance genes electrophoresis...