The first sacral nerve root block (S1 nerve root block) is a practical procedure for patients with radiating lower back pain. In general, S1 nerve root block is performed under x-ray fluoroscopy. It is necessary to adjust the position of the patient and angle of fluoroscopy to properly visualize the first dorsal sacral foramen (dorsal S1 foramen). The purpose of this study was to analyze the lo...

Diphenylmethane dyes are very useful photoinduced molecular rotors; however, their photophysical mechanisms are still elusive until now. In this work, we adopted combined static electronic structure calculations (MS-CASPT2//CASSCF) and trajectory-based surface-hopping dynamics simulations (OM2/MRCI) to study the S1 excited-state relaxation mechanism of a representative diphenylmethane dye Auram...

When the dividing cells can be assumed to be in a random phase of the cell cycle, the cell cycle length is constant and the population does not increase in size during the exposure time, the fraction labelled cells (F) is determined by the exposure time and the unknown lengths of the S-phase and the cell cycle [1,2]. When two different exposure times are used, the unknown lengths can be derived...