Hypotension is the most common adverse effect of spinal anesthesia (SA). The insidence SA-induced hypotension in total population 15-33%, patients older age groups it reaches 80%. At young and middle ages, main determinant considered to be a reduction postload venous reflux, due blood deposition capacitance vessels lower extremities. aortocaval compressionsyndromeplays significant role obstetri...

SA Treatment of lung cancer depends on the stage. Patients with early-stage lung cancer, known as stage 1, still have a very good chance of being cured with surgery alone. Chemotherapy and surgery can potentially cure patients with stage 2 disease. Patients with stage 3 disease can be cured by chemotherapy and radiation, with or without surgery. These modalities are still the standard of care a...