One of the factors associated with the high prevalence of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, among dental practitioners is the repeated high pinch force applied during periodontal scaling. The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between the pinch force applied during periodontal scaling and the forces generated at the tip of the tool. A l...

PURPOSE To systematically update evidence on the clinical efficacy and safety of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) versus retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP) in patients with prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic databases, including ovidMEDLINE, ovidEMBASE, the Cochrane Library, KoreaMed, KMbase, and others, were searched, collecting data from January 1980 to August ...

In this work we propose a self-adaptive clock based on a ring oscillator as the solution for the increasing uncertainty in the critical path delay. This uncertainty increase forces to add more safety margins to the clock period which produces a circuit performance downgrade. We evaluate three self-adaptive clock systems: free running ring oscillator, infinite impulse response filter controlled ...

PURPOSE To examine the history of pediatric endotracheal intubation and the issues surrounding the change from uncuffed endotracheal tubes to cuffed endotracheal tubes, including pediatric airway anatomy, endotracheal tube design, complications, and safety concerns. METHOD Review of the literature. CONCLUSIONS Although the use of cuffed endotracheal tubes in infants and children remains a t...

The pressure and temperature histories on cladding inner and outer surfaces during of LBLOCA (Large Break Loss of Coolant Accident) are considered as boundary conditions for the structural analyses of three cladding materials. Since SiC (Silicon Carbide) has higher yield and ultimate strengths than Zry-4 (Zircaloy-4) under the same primary stresses, SiC has higher primary safety margin than Zry...

Insurance companies use conservative first order valuation bases to calculate insurance premiums and reserves. These valuation bases have a significant impact on the insurer’s solvency and on the premiums of the insurance products. Safety margins for systematic biometric and financial risk are in practice typically chosen as time-constant percentages on top of the best estimate transition inten...

A closed-loop drive–vehicle–road–environment system (DVRES) model was established using Adams/Car and Matlab/Simulink. Dynamic responses of lateral tire forces based on tire–road side friction and road geometric characteristics are used to investigate vehicle side slip for geometric design safety estimation. The root mean square, the maximum values of lateral tire forces, comfort limit on curve...

OBJECTIVE To describe the location of the dorsal root ganglion in relation to the intervertebral disc, including the "triangular" safety zone for minimally invasive surgery in the lumbar spine. METHODS Eight adult cadavers were dissected bilaterally in the lumbar region, using a posterolateral approach, so as to expose the L3L4 and L4L5 spaces, thereby obtaining measurements relating to the s...

Background: Class III obese patients have altered respiratory mechanics, which are further impaired in the supine position. The authors explored the hypothesis that preoxygenation in the 25° head-up position allows a greater safety margin for induction of anesthesia than the supine position. Methods: A randomized controlled trial measured oxygen saturation and the desaturation safety period aft...

Many tasks require humans to manipulate dynamically complex objects and maintain appropriate safety margins, such as placing a cup of coffee on a coaster without spilling. This study examined how humans learn such safety margins and how they are shaped by task constraints and changing variability with improved skill. Eighteen subjects used a manipulandum to transport a shallow virtual cup conta...