1. Counting Processes and the Inverse Relation A counting process is defined in §2.1 of Ross, right at the beginning. It is a generalization of a renewal (counting) process, which in turn is a generalization of a Poisson (counting) process, typically denoted by {N(t) : t ≥ 0}. For a counting process, there are no specific stochastic (distributional) assumptions. The random variable N(t) counts ...

In clinical research, parameters required for sample size calculation are usually unknown. A typical approach is to use estimates from some pilot studies as the true parameters in the calculation. This approach, however, does not take into consideration sampling error. Thus, the resulting sample size could be misleading if the sampling error is substantial. As an alternative, we suggest a Bayes...

The consequences of sampling a signal at a rate below its highest frequency component results in a phenomenon known as aliasing . This concept results in a frequency mistakenly taking on the identity of an entirely different frequency when recovered. In an attempt to clarify this, envision the ideal sampler of Figure 1(a) , with a sample period of T shown in (b), sampling the waveform f(t) as p...

Since most commonly used sample preparation methods for ice dielectric studies involve ra ther heavy mechanical straining, t h e e f f ec t s of straining were studied and compared with more strain-free sample preparation methods.

We consider a simple bilinear process X t = aX t?1 +bX t?1 Z t?1 +Z t , where (Z t) is a sequence of iid N(0; 1) random variables. It follows from a result by Kesten (1973) that X t has a distribution with regularly varying tails of index > 0 provided the equation Eja + bZ 1 j u = 1 has the solution u =. We study the limit behaviour of the sample autocorrelations and autocovariances of this hea...

In order to circumvent the influence of correlation in paired-samples and repeated measures experimental designs, researchers typically perform a one-sample Student t test on difference scores. That procedure entails some loss of power, because it employs N – 1 degrees of freedom instead of the 2N – 2 degrees of freedom of the independent-samples t test. In the case of non-normal distributions,...

P(X = z t) = w t > 0. How to learn parameters {(w t , z t)} k t=1 ? Relatively straightforward given iid sample.

Aim/Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the critical predictors affecting project desertion in Blockchain projects. Background: is one innovations that disrupt a broad range industries and has attracted interest software developers. However, despite being an open-source (OSS) project, maintenance ultimately relies on small core developers, it still uncertain whether technology will c...