BACKGROUND Historically controlled studies are commonly undertaken in paediatric oncology, despite their potential biases. Our aim was to compare the outcome of the control group in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in paediatric oncology with those anticipated in the sample size calculations in the protocols. Our rationale was that, had these RCTs been performed as historical control studies...

In comparing the mean count of two independent samples, some practitioners would use the t-test or the Wilcoxon rank sum test while others may use methods based on a Poisson model. It is not uncommon to encounter count data that exhibit overdispersion where the Poisson model is no longer appropriate. This paper deals with methods for overdispersed data using the negative binomial distribution r...

concentration in healthy subjects (n=10, ROI analysis, onesample t-test, uncorrected, p<0.001). Figure 1: Average olfactory activation at all 4 lavender concentrations in healthy subjects (n=10, one-sample t-test, familywise correction, p<0.05). Figure 2: Olfactory activation difference between two sequential runs of the same stimulation paradigm in healthy subjects (n=10, paired t-test, uncorr...

This research aims to determine the effect of problem-based learning based on ethnoscience science literacy skills at SDN Bringinbendo 2. The Ethnoscience-based PBL model is a that can develop students' scientific abilities. study used quantitative approach with experimental methods type one group pre-test-post-test. sample in this was V-grade students 2, which consisted 21 students. Data colle...

INTRODUCTION Health services quality has been the most important criteria of judging, and its improvement causes people's satisfaction of health systems. In a health system, public and private sectors provide services and typically have been effective in promoting health services quality of community. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of health services in both public and private...

STUDY OBJECTIVES The psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) is among the most widely used measures of behavioral alertness, but there is large variation among published studies in PVT performance outcomes and test durations. To promote standardization of the PVT and increase its sensitivity and specificity to sleep loss, we determined PVT metrics and task durations that optimally discriminated sleep ...

CONSISTENCY OF DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENE RANKINGS BASED ON SUBSETS OF MICROARRAY DATA DakeYang July 21, 2011 Data derived from gene expression microarrays are frequently used to identify candidate genes which can characterize and distinguish between two biological phenotypes. A key step in this process is the selection of an appropriate test statistic to identify which genes are differentia...

Null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) is the most commonly used statistical methodology in psychology. The probability of achieving a value as extreme or more extreme than the statistic obtained from the data is evaluated, and if it is low enough, the null hypothesis is rejected. However, because common experimental practice often clashes with the assumptions underlying NHST, these calcul...

Melatonin's neuroprotective action has been demonstrated in experimental models of brain ischaemia. The relationship between stroke and melatonin levels has been based on scarce and small sample size studies. In addition, the changes have not been correlated with the age of patients. We compared levels of nocturnal urinary melatonin and its metabolite, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6S) in a large se...