We present a decentralized nonlinear flow control scheme for a class of communication networks with physical constraints. Through a detailed analysis, we demonstrate that nonlinear system theory can be applied to cope with saturation nonlinearity and unknown disturbances in network flow control problems. We solve the constrained queue regulation problem against traffic interferences with contro...

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has been used successfully to support both cardiac and pulmonary function following Stage I Norwood operation. Determination of the return of native cardiac function and pulmonary function can be easily accomplished because of the single ventricle physiology. The pulmonary function can be assessed while on full flow ECMO by isolating the membrane oxygenator g...

In porous media, pore geometry and wettability are determinant factors for capillary flow in drainage or imbibition. Pores are often considered as cylindrical tubes in analytical or computational studies. Such simplification prevents the capture of phenomena occurring in pore corners. Considering the corners of pores is crucial to realistically study capillary flow and to accurately estimate li...

Understanding tumor vascular dynamics through parameters such as blood flow and oxygenation can yield insight into tumor biology and therapeutic response. Hyperspectral microscopy enables optical detection of hemoglobin saturation or blood velocity by either acquiring multiple images that are spectrally distinct or by rapid acquisition at a single wavelength over time. However, the serial acqui...

Innominate artery injury is a rare, but catastrophic complication of tracheostomy. We present a case of severe hemorrhagic shock in a 79-year-old male with innominate artery injury that occurred during tracheostomy. Despite temporary innominate artery isolation, the regional forehead saturation was 60 % without laterality. Because adequate cerebral blood flow was apparently maintained through c...

Our new method incorporates fluid pressure communication into inclusion-based models of elastic wave velocities in porous rocks by defining effective elastic moduli for fluid-filled inclusions. We illustrate this approach with two models: (1) flow between nearest-neighbor pairs of inclusions and (2) flow through a network of inclusions that communicates fluid pressure throughout a rock sample. ...

Due to the dependence of boiling heat transfer rate on heat flux, saturation pressure, mass flux and refrigerant quality, efforts made to increase heat transfer rate often cause further drop in refrigerant saturation pressure. In this study, entropy generation mechanisms associated with two-phase flow in smooth evaporator tube subject to constant surface heat flux are investigated. Refrigerant ...

A theory of cross-coupled flow equations in unsaturated soils is necessary to predict (1) electroosmotic flow with application to electroremediation and agriculture, (2) the electroseismic and the seismoelectric effects to develop new geophysical methods to characterize the vadose zone, and (3) the streaming current, which can be used to investigate remotely ground water flow in unsaturated con...

BACKGROUND Provision of ambulatory oxygen using an intermittent pulsed flow regulated by a demand oxygen delivery system (DODS) greatly increases the limited supply time of standard portable gaseous cylinders. The efficacy of such a system has not previously been studied during submaximal exercise in subjects with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in whom desaturation is likel...

An analytical theory is developed that describes asymptotically exactly the process of nonlinear saturation of the magnetorotational instability in a model problem employing a linear shear flow in a uniformly rotating channel. The theory shows that the instability saturates by modifying the shear responsible for it. The saturation process requires both viscous and Ohmic dissipation. The theory ...