Conventional locomotion scoring is a subjective, absolute, and discrete assessment of locomotion. Here we assess pairwise comparison to improve upon the limited intra- interobserver consistency typical conventional scoring. Five observers performed 4-level using 50 video recordings dairy cattle, also assessed 90 pairs videos (composed from same recordings) relative Intra- scores [intraobserver:...

Layer-structured group III chalcogenides have highly anisotropic properties and are attractive materials for stable photocathodes and battery electrodes. We report the controlled synthesis and characterization of layer-structured GaSe nanowires via a catalyst-assisted vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth mechanism during GaSe powder evaporation. GaSe nanowires consist of Se-Ga-Ga-Se layers stacked t...

We have identified and characterized an elaborate genetic system in the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi that promotes extensive antigenic variation of a surface-exposed lipoprotein, VlsE. A 28 kb linear plasmid of B. burgdorferi B31 (lp28-1) was found to contain a vmp-like sequence (vls) locus that closely resembles the variable major protein (vmp) system for antigenic variation of...

Dissociative adsorption has been widely simplified as part of the vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth model. We found that the addition of specific carrier gases can critically modify the growth rate and growth density of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). These results were explained by dissociative adsorption of C2H2 molecules and a solid-core VLS growth model. Based on these integrated mechanis...

Abstract Background Vulval lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a common condition. Despite this, there paucity of research investigating the impact on women’s lives. Some women with VLS utilise online forums to discuss their priorities and concerns. This dialogue gives insight into experiences living VLS. Methods We identified most popular public containing discussions between Inductive, thematic analysi...

The mapping of a virtual network service onto physical infrastructure is challenging task due to the joint allocation resources across nodes and links, diverse technical requirements end-users, coordination between multiple host domains, others. This issue exacerbated further by extension virtualization next-generation radio access (NG-RAN) architecture provisioning (RAN) slicing. To that end, ...

Recently, two approaches, fine-tuning large pre-trained language models and variational training, have attracted significant interests, separately, for semi-supervised end-to-end task-oriented dialog (TOD) systems. In this paper, we propose Variational Latent-State GPT model (VLS-GPT), which is the first to combine strengths of approaches. Among many options models, generative inference learnin...