Functional electrical stimulation (FES) activates nerves using electrical currents, and is widely used in medical applications to assist movement of patients with central nervous system lesions. The recent emergence of small electrode arrays enables greater muscle selectivity and reduces fatigue compared to the use of traditional large electrodes; however existing fabrication techniques are exp...

Abstract Structural carbon fibre composite batteries are a type of multifunctional that combine the energy storage capability battery with load-carrying ability structural material. To extract current from cell, collectors needed. However, expensive, hard to connect electrode material and add mass system. Further, attaching collector must not affect electrochemical properties negatively or requ...

This paper describes the development and characterisation of labeless immunosensors for (a) the cardiac drug digoxin and (b) bovine serum albumin (BSA). Commercial screen-printed carbon electrodes were used as the basis for the sensors. Two methods were used to immobilise antibodies at the electrode surface. Aniline was electropolymerised onto these electrodes to form a thin planar film of cond...

Antioxidant redox sensors based on DNA modified carbon screen-printed electrodes were developed. The carbon ink was doped with TiO2 nanoparticles, onto which double-strand DNA was adsorbed. A redox mediator, namely, tris-2,2'-bipyridine ruthenium(II) [Ru(bpy)3(2+)] was electrooxidized on the electrode surface to subsequently oxidize both the adsorbed ds-DNA and the antioxidants in solution. The...

A conductometric urea biosensor based on sol–gel-immobilized urease on a screen-printed inter-digitated array (IDA) electrode has been developed. The screen-printed thick-film IDA electrode has proven to be an excellent conductometric transducer in which the admittance signal was dominated by the conductance signal and the resulting dynamic range was wide enough to be employed for the construct...

The simultaneous voltammetric determination of iron and copper was accomplished by an unmodified screen-printed carbon electrode based on the complexation with o-phenanthroline assisted reducing agent ferrocyanide. detection limits were 3.74 0.34 µg L−1 for copper, respectively, a linear response observed from 12.5 to 400 1.14 copper. This method successfully avoids interferences between while ...

A palladium nanoparticle decorated carbon nanotube was designed as a label for preparation of a highly sensitive disposable immunosensor. The immunosensor was constructed by assembling the capture antibody on gold nanoparticles decorated graphene nanosheets modified screen printed carbon working electrode. With a sandwich immunoassay mode, the palladium nanoparticle decorated carbon nanotubes w...