Sea ice is generally covered with snow, which can vary in thickness from a few centimeters to >1m. Snow cover acts as a thermal insulator modulating the heat exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere, and it impacts sea-ice growth rates and overall thickness, a key indicator of climate change in polar regions. Snow depth is required to estimate sea-ice thickness using freeboard measurements...

The long-term goal of “Imaging System Performance and Visibility as Affected by the Physical Environment” is to investigate the relationships between physical forcing and optical properties, including the imaging performance parameters. Our efforts are aimed at supporting the Radiance in a Dynamic Ocean (RaDyO) program, which is devoted to the topic of light propagation and imaging across the a...

The long-term goal of this project is to understand the role of the atmosphere-ocean interaction processes in the initiation, maintenance and propagation of Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO). Better grasp of the atmosphere/ocean feedbacks in the Tropics will allow formulating more accurate parameterizations of the air-sea interface in the forecasting models. It will contribute to improved predict...

The long term goal of this project is to provide a new set of parameterizations of air-sea fluxes, which can be used as boundary conditions for high-resolution numerical models of ocean, atmosphere, and coupled ocean/atmosphere systems. The new parameterizations will be constructed based on physical processes of the exchange of mass, momentum, heat, moisture, energy at the interface between the...

objectives: this study aimed to evaluate the effects of saliva contamination on the metallic bracket microleakage bonded with two moisture-tolerant bonding systems. materials and methods:  ninety freshly extracted premolar teeth were randomly divided into six groups of 15 with the following treatments: g1 (control): after acid etching, assure primer and assure adhesive were applied to non-conta...

The long term goal of this project is to provide a new set of parameterizations of air-sea fluxes, which can be used as boundary conditions for high-resolution numerical models of ocean, atmosphere, and coupled ocean/atmosphere systems. The new parameterizations will be constructed based on physical processes of the exchange of mass, momentum, heat, moisture, energy at the interface between the...