[1] Sea surface temperature (SST) for the central equatorial Indian Ocean, has been reconstructed over the last 137 kyr, from Mg/Ca of the planktonic foraminiferal species Globigerinoides ruber. According to our record the equatorial Indian Ocean SST was 2.1 C colder during the last glacial maximum as compared to present times. The data further shows that the surface equatorial Indian Ocean was...

This study investigates how variations in Arctic sea ice and sea surface conditions influence δ18O of presentday Arctic precipitation. This is done using the model isoCAM3, an isotope-equipped version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model version 3. Four sensitivity experiments and one control simulation are performed with prescribed sea surface temperature ...

While the overall summer rainfall–sea surface temperature (SST) relationship has a negative correlation over the western North Pacific (WNP), this relationship experiences a significant interannual variation. During the ENSO-developing (decaying) summer, the rainfall–SST correlation is significantly positive (negative). The positive correlation is attributed to interplay between the anomalous W...

The veracity of modeled air–sea interactions in the Indian Ocean during the South Asian summer monsoon is examined. Representative simulations of the twentieth century climate, produced by coupled general circulation models as part of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report, are the analysis targets along with observational data. The analysis shows the presence of...

* Corresponding author. ** This work is supported by the National Science Council (NSC) of Taiwan under grant NSC 98-2611-M-019-016-MY3. Abstract – A series of satellite-derived sea surface wind (SSW) and sea surface temperature (SST) images in the East China Sea (ECS) during the period from 1997 to 2001 are used to determine their interannual variability, especially the impact of the El Niño-S...

The effects of relative and absolute sea surface temperature (SST) on tropical cyclone potential intensity are investigated using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) single-column model. The model is run in two modes: (i) radiative–convective equilibrium (RCE) to represent the convective response to uniform warming of the ocean as in a homogeneous aqua planet, and (ii) weak temperat...

The research vessel-based Conductivity Temperature Depth profiler (CTD) provides underwater measurements of the bulk sea surface temperature (SST) at the depths of shallower than 5 m. The CTD observations of the seas around Taiwan provide useful data for comparison with SST of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers) aboard Aqua and Terra satellites archived by JAXA (Japan Aerospa...

Satellites contribute significantly to environmental quality and public health. Environmental factors are important indicators for the prediction of disease outbreaks. This study reveals the environmental factors associated with cholera in Zhejiang, a coastal province of China, using both Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic information System (GIS). The analysis validated the correlation between...

Satellite microwave measurements are analyzed, revealing robust covariability in sea surface temperature (SST) and wind speed over the Kuroshio Extension (KE) east of Japan. Ocean hydrodynamic instabilities cause the KE to meander and result in large SST variations. Increased (reduced) wind speeds are found to be associated with warm (cold) SST anomalies. This positive SST–wind correlation in K...

It is shown from historical data and from modeling experiments that a proximate cause of the cold winter in North America in 2013–2014 was the pattern of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Pacific Ocean. Each of the three dominant modes of SST variability in the Pacific is connected to the tropics and has a strong expression in extratropical SST and weather patterns. Beginning in the middle o...