Previous studies of the Mediterranean Sea outflow and meddies (O&M) were limited by the poor spatial and temporal resolution of conventional in situ observations as well as the confinement of satellite observations to the ocean’s surface. Accordingly, little is known about the formation and transport of meddies and the spatial and temporal variation of O&M trajectories, which are located, on av...

The AVMA appreciates the opportunity to provide comments on the amendments proposed during the October 2006 meeting of the Terrestrial Animal Health Standards Commission (TAHSC) to the General Definitions, Guidelines for the Transport of Animals by Sea, and Guidelines for the Transport of Animals by Land of the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code. As requested, our responses are formulated for e...

Antalya Bay is located in the Mediterranean Sea of Turkish coasts. City of Antalya is one of the major tourism cities of Turkey with an increasing population. The sea outfall was constructed in the Antalya Bay. In this study, the currents and wind have been observed and measured. The wave height distribution, current pattern and pollutant concentration have been presented. Wind driven currents ...

Abstract. Water exchange through the Åland Sea (in Baltic Sea) greatly affects environmental conditions in neighbouring Gulf of Bothnia. Recently observed changes eutrophication status Bothnia may be connected to changing nutrient fluxes Sea. Pathways and variability sub-halocline northward-bound flows towards Bothnian are important for these studies. While general nature water is known, that k...

[1] It is argued that deep atmospheric convection might occur during winter in ice-free high-latitude oceans, and that the surface radiative warming effects of the clouds and water vapor associated with this winter convection could keep high-latitude oceans ice-free through polar night. In such an ice-free high-latitude ocean the annual-mean SST would be much higher and the seasonal cycle would...

Little is known about the fate of subsurface hydrocarbon plumes from deep-sea oil well blowouts and their effects on processes and communities. As deepwater drilling expands in the Faroe-Shetland Channel (FSC), oil well blowouts are a possibility, and the unusual ocean circulation of this region presents challenges to understanding possible subsurface oil pathways in the event of a spill. Here,...

In the management of container sea-rail intermodal transportation, dynamic pricing problem with uncertain conditions has significant impacts on the benefit and competitiveness of a multimodal transport operator. Based on the revenue management theory and the features of container sea-rail intermodal transport, this paper develops a two stages optimal model which integrates dynamic pricing and s...