UNLABELLED • PREMISE OF THE STUDY Most alpine plants in the Northeast United States are perennial and flower early in the growing season, extending their limited growing season. Concurrently, they risk the loss of reproductive efforts to late frosts. Quantifying long-term trends in northeastern alpine flower phenology and late-spring/early-summer frost risk is limited by a dearth of phenology...

Irrigated rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivation is currently expanding in rotation with winter cereals in Iran where its reproductive growth is often exposed to water deficit in many parts, particularly in the south. A two growing seasons (2006-2008) field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Research Center, Shiraz University to study the effects of water stress at different growth ...

for the reproductive success of plants. Plants need to gauge when both environmental and endogenous cues are optimal before undergoing the switch from vegetative to reproductive development. To achieve this, a complex regulatory network has evolved consisting of multiple pathways that quantitatively regulate a set of genes—the floral pathway integrators (Simpson and Dean 2002). The activity of ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Climate change is advancing the leaf-out times of many plant species and mostly extending the growing season in temperate ecosystems. Laboratory experiments using twig cuttings from woody plant species present an affordable, easily replicated approach to investigate the relative importance of factors such as winter chilling, photoperiod, spring warming and frost tolerance on...

Climate change is expected to drive species extinct by reducing their survival, reproduction and habitat. Less well appreciated is the possibility that climate change could cause extinction by changing the ecological interactions between species. If ecologists, land managers and policy makers are to manage farmland biodiversity sustainably under global climate change, they need to understand th...

The circadian clock is an autonomous oscillator that produces endogenous biological rhythms with a period of about 24 h. This clock allows organisms to coordinate their metabolism and development with predicted daily and seasonal changes of the environment. In plants, circadian rhythms contribute to both evolutionary fitness and agricultural productivity. Nevertheless, we show that commercial b...

We study the evolutionarily stable reproductive timing of annual plants that face unpredictable environmental disturbances. Plants living in a riverbed often experience a disturbance before they reproduce, suffering major fitness loss. Plants reproducing prior to the flood season are free from the risk of lost reproduction, but a small flowering plant can produce only a few numbers of seeds. If...

The flowering process in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) takes place in buds and extends for two consecutive growing seasons. To understand the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying this process, we have characterized grapevine bud development, cloned the grapevine FLORICAULA/LEAFY (FLO/LFY) ortholog, VFL, and analyzed its expression patterns during vegetative and reproductive development. Flo...

The phenological responses of plants to changing weather conditions are very strong and can serve as an indicator global climate change. If we understand how individual species respond conditions, represent ecosystems will aim this study was analyze the exposure climatic factors (air temperature precipitation) on flowering duration wild vascular plant in Karadag Nature Reserve (Crimea). In gene...

this research was carried out at the research farm, faculty of agriculture, bu-ali sina university in growing season of 2011-2012. the aim of research was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of nano-iron chelate and bacterization of mesorhizobium bacteria on root nodulation, growth, grain yield and yield components of chickpea under rainfed conditions. a randomized complete block desig...