Abnormal aggregation of amyloid-β is a very complex and heterogeneous process. Owing to methodological limitations, the pathway still not fully understood. Herein new approach presented in which secondary structure single aggregates investigated with tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) liquid environment. Clearly resolved TERS signatures amide I III bands enabled detailed analysis molecular ...

The secondary structures of nucleic acids form a particularly important class of contact structures. Many important RNA molecules, however, contain pseudo-knots, a structural feature that is excluded explicitly from the conventional definition of secondary structures. We propose here a generalization of secondary structures incorporating 'non-nested' pseudo-knots, which we call bi-secondary str...