While several studies have linked rural welfare with non-farm employment, the available evidence suggests that whether participation in employment is improving intrinsically an empirical question. In addition, existing literature has focused on either food or total household expenditure such there a dearth of regarding types expenditure. Using repeated cross-sectional data from Burkina Faso, th...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The timing of flowering and summer dormancy induction plays a central role in the adaptation of Mediterranean geophytes to changes in the length of the growth season along rainfall gradients. Our aim was to analyse the role of the variation in the responses of flowering and summer dormancy to vernalization, daylength and growth temperature for the adaptation of Poa bulbosa, ...

One of the characteristics in Iranian Model of Desertification Potential Assessment (IMDPA) is vegetation. Sincevegetation is very important factor in the degradation of land, so some indices were determined for this item in order toevaluate desertification potential of arid, semi arid and arid sub humid areas of Iran. The indices included vegetationcondition, exploit and revegetation. To calib...