background: anaplasmosis belongs to the complex of several tick-borne diseases and can cause diseases in the livestock with high economical losses. cattle that recover from acute infection become carriers and the parasite can persist most probably for the lifetime in the blood. the aim of the present study was the determination of the persistently infected cattle in a region of iran with the pr...

background and aims: canine distemper (cd) is a deadly infectious disease of canidae family. cd is a multi-systemic viral disease and is specified by wide range of clinical symptoms. the manifestations are not always indicative of cd, therefore a laboratory confirmation is necessary for suspected cases. materials and methods: different clinical specimens of 19 cd suspected unvaccinated dogs wer...

AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of GBV-C among Iranian HBV positive patients using PCR-RFLP technique. BACKGROUND GBV-C was a member of flaviviridae family and recently propose to classify as members of a fourth genus in this family, named Pegivirus and suggest that at least one quarter of the world's population has been infected with this virus. GBV-C can be trans...

neospora caninum, an apicomplexan protozoan, is regarded as a major cause of abortion and stillbirth in cattle in countries world-wide. the ability to detection n.caninum in tissue samples can be a useful detection diagnostic tool for use in the study of the pathogenicity, immunoprophylaxis, and treatment of neospora infection. however, molecular biology is one of the most sensitive tools for d...

A total of 123 water samples were examined in parallel by culture and semi-nested PCR for the presence of Legionella. They comprised: 35 samples of hot water distributed by the urban municipal water supply system (MWSS) taken in institutions, 45 samples of hot water distributed by urban MWSS taken in dwellings, 27 samples of cold water distributed by rural MWSS taken in dwellings, and 16 sample...

trematodes are important in economic and public health. ornithobilharzia turkestanicum (o. turkestanicum) is one of the important economic trematodes in domestic animals. ornithobilharzia infection in intermediate host (lymnaea gedrosiana ) can be detected by either exposing snails to light to induce cercarial shedding or by squeezing them between glass slides to detect parasites. the current a...

background: diagnosis of some diseases is difficult due to invasive sampling. urine has been candi-date as a non-invasive and convenient alternative. it has many advantages and easy accessibility but some technical ills should be removed. finding a suitable extraction method for improving urine dna quantity and quality in altering invasive specimens for molecular diagnosis of some infectious di...

Sensitivity and specificity are important for tests used to defect Helicobacter pylori infection from gastric biopsy specimens. Molecular methods, such as PCR and nested PCR, are sensitive methods for H. pylori detection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of PCR and nested PCR compared to culture, the rapid urease test (RUT) and histology for the diagnosis of H. pylori...

Semi-structured data are commonly represented by labelled graphs. These graphs can be simple or nested. In this paper we present how to model nested semi-structured data in the presence of Web forms. Our motivation is to bring our data model more realistic to capture the richness of Web data. The main purpose of the paper is to provide a mechanism to query nested semi-structured data and web fo...

background: hepatitis g virus (gbv-c) is a single strand rnapositive virus and is a member of flaviviridae family. infection with the virus is prevalent add has worldwide distribution. accurate diagnosis of the virus is very important, because of co-infection with other important viruses like hcv, hbv and hiv, it may influence on pathogenesis, disease progression and response to viral therapy. ...