When the sensory block level (SBL) is ≥T5 or T4, a high incidence of hypotension occurs in parturients after spinal anesthesia. A rapidly ascending SBL is another risk factor for spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension. However, the relationship between the ascension rate of the SBL and spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension remains unclear.After placement in the left lateral position, combined ep...

abstract background: different adjuvant drugs have been used with local anesthetics in order to decrease the time of onset and elongate the duration and quality of regional blocks. this study was performed to study the effects of one of the adjuvants, verapamil, in supraclavicular block. methods: in this double blinded clinical trial, we divided 60 asa class i and ii patients who were to underg...

Introduction Spinal anesthesia is a widely used technique providing faster onset with effective and uniformly distributed sensory and motor block. Due to decreased cardiovascular and central nervous system toxicity, levobupivacaine is a good alternative for spinal anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine when used intrathecally is associated with prolonged motor and sensory block, hemodynamic stability, and...

PURPOSE To observe the hemodynamic changes of parturients in the combined use of hyperbaric (4 mg) and hypobaric (6 mg) ropivacaine during spinal anesthesia for caesarean section in this randomized double-blind study. METHODS Parturients (n = 136) undergoing elective cesarean delivery were randomly and equally allocated to receive either combined hyperbaric and hypobaric ropivacaine (Group A)...

of sensory block was assessed by bilateral application of ice over the lower thorax and abdomen at 30 min post-procedure once the patient was alert and oriented in the recovery room. Bilateral assessments were done to rule out epidural spread. Sensory level of analgesia was recorded and patient satisfaction with analgesia documented. Ten patients (Table 1) underwent real-time lower TPVB for ana...

Introduction: Knee arthroscopy can be safely performed with neuraxial anaesthesia. Many adjuvants were added to local anesthetics to prolong the duration of the block. The earliest adjuvants were opioids followed by the α2 agonist clonidine. Dexmedetomidine is a newly introduced α2 agonist with promising characteristics in this respect. Methods: 30 patients were included in the study devided in...

background and aims: infraclavicular nerve block (icnb) is one of the most efficacious peripheral nerve blocks for upper extremity procedures, associated with several potential complications. recently, some authors have recommended ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block for icnb. the current study is aimed to compare the outcomes of icnb utilizing combined ultrasound guidance and neurostimula...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the unilaterality of subarachnoid block achieved with hyperbaric and hypobaric ropivacaine. METHODS The prospective, randomized trial was conducted in an orthopedics surgical suite. In all, 60 ASA I-III patients scheduled for elective total knee arthroplasty were included in the study. Group Hypo (n=30) received 11.25mg of ropivac...

Adjuncts to local anaesthetics for brachial plexus block enhances the quality and duration of analgesia. The purpose of this study was to compare two alpha-2 agonists clonidine and dexmedetomidine, when added as adjuvant to ropivacaine, in respect to onset, duration of sensory and motor block along with duration of analgesia. After informed consent, Sixty ASA I and II patients scheduled for ele...