AIM The article presents the current data on the sensitivity of the main 37 strains of eXtremaly Drugs Resistance (XDR) category to anti-pseudomonas drugs. MATERIAL AND METHODS The strains were collected during the prospective multicenter study in large multidisciplinary hospitals of Central Kazakhstan. Susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs was carried out by disk method and the serial diluti...

abrin known as ribosome inactivating protein’s (rip) it is a high cytotoxic plant protein. high lethality and low cost and easy access to plant and seeds lead to this toxin used in crimes and terrorist acts. because obtaining purified toxins requires advanced laboratory equipment and complex procedures, so, it appears that the perpetrators of such crimes use crude extracts. as a result, remaini...

Techniques for sputum homogenization and quantitative cultural methods have enabled clinical microbiologists to make a more objective assessment of the bacterial flora found in lower respiratory tract infection. This paper describes the application of the Colworth Stomacher for rapid and effective homogenization of sputum and the use of a calibrated loop for quantitative culture of the homogena...

The essential oil of leaves of various cupressus species Viz., C.glauca, C.funebris, C.lawsonia, C. macrocarpa & C. sempervirens have been studied for their antimicrobial activity against certain gram positive [B. substilis, S.aureus], gram negative [E.coli, P.aeruginesa] and fungi (A.niger, A.flavus, C.albicans & A. fumigatus) using two fold serial dilution technique. Our results revealed that...

Pathogenic bacteria and enteric viruses can be introduced into the environment via human waste discharge. Methods for rapid detection and quantification of human viruses and fecal indicator bacteria in water are urgently needed to prevent human exposure to pathogens through drinking and recreational waters. Here we describe the development of two real-time PCR methods to detect and quantify hum...

Antifungal susceptibility tests are performed on fungi that cause disease, especially if they belong to a species exhibiting resistance to commonly used antifungal agents. Antifungal susceptibility testing is also important for resistance surveillance, for epidemiological studies and for comparing the in-vitro activity of new and existing agents. Dilution methods are used to establish the MICs ...

The validity of the serial compartment analysis of dye dilution curves was tested by injecting dye into the right auricle, pulmonary artery, a pulmonary vein and the aorta consecutively while sampling blood from the carotid artery. It was found that the serial compartment analogy is valid and that the lungs tire the largest volume in the series. In curves obtained by injecting into the pulmonar...