Results of serotyping of 122 strains of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated on 21 swine farms in the Czech Republic from January 1999 to December 2000 are presented. The highest prevalence was found for serotype 9 (n = 81, 66.4%), followed by serotype 2 (n = 19, 15.7%). Serotypes 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 11, and 12 were identified only sporadically. Twenty-six of the isolates were tested for gene-to...

Background. The development of a pneumococcal vaccine with serotype-independent activity is relevant for the whole world, as this due to high prevalence Streptococcus pneumoniae ( S. ), constant change pathogen serotypes and growth antibiotic-resistant strains. In previous experiments, we revealed protective effect immunization recombinant pneumolysin (rPly) in model systemic infection caused b...

To determine the relative importance of two known serotypes of human rotavirus, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to differentiate serotype-specific rotavirus antigen and antibody. Using this technic, we studied the epidemiology of the two serotypes in acute gastroenteritis. Seventy-seven per cent of 414 rotavirus isolates were Type 2, and the remainder were Type 1. The serotype...

Few other diseases exert such a huge toll of suffering as influenza. We report here that intranasal (i.n.) administration of E1/E3-defective (ΔE1E3) adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) particles rapidly induced an anti-influenza state as a means of prophylactic therapy which persisted for several weeks in mice. By encoding an influenza virus (IFV) hemagglutinin (HA) HA1 domain, an Ad5-HA1 vector confer...

micrornas (mirnas) are non-coding small rna molecules with 21–25 nucleotides. it plays significant role in control of gene expression at posttranscriptional/translational level. they are commonly dysregulated in human cancers, whereas they may behave either as oncogenes or as tumor-suppressor genes. both genetic and epigenetic events in deregulation of mirna can lead to cancer development. gene...

background: urinary tract infection (uti) is a common cause for diseases in infants. various studies have suggested that infants with uti benefit from a lower rate of breastfeeding compared to control groups. our experimental evidence showed if breastfed infants are infected with a uti, their response to treatment is faster and better. objectives: the aim of this study is to compare bacterial r...

background vancomycin resistant isolates of enterococcous faecium (vre) have previously been reported from tehran hospitals. however, little data were available on the genetic heterogeneity of vre isolates among the iranian population. therefore the emergence of infections with the new clones of vre needs to be investigated. the drug resistance surveillance program at labbafinejad hospital has ...

background immunomodulators and nucleotide analogues have been used globally for the dealing of chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. however, the development of drug resistance is a major limitation to their long-term effectiveness. objectives the aim of this study was to characterize the hepatitis b virus reverse transcriptase (rt) protein variations among iranian chronic hbv carriers wh...

conclusions our experimental and in silico findings may provide new insight in the complex molecular pathways of drug resistance and also could assist design an efficient therapeutic strategy for aspergillosis treatment. results four out of five isolates revealed cyp51a and mdr1 mrna overexpression. interestingly, the isolate, which was negative for cyp51a and mdr1 mrna expression showed a high...