background: an epidemiological study was carried out on the vector(s) and reservoir(s) of cutaneous leishmaniasis in rural areas of kalaleh district, golestan province during 2006 - 2007. methods: totally 4900 sand flies were collected using sticky papers and were subjected to molecular methods for de­tection of leishmanial parasite. results: phlebotomus papatasi was the common species in outdo...

Abstract Assessments of aquifer storage capacity and security have generally assumed that reservoir engineering would be limited to site selection and placement of the injection wells. In previous work we have shown that it is possible to accelerate the dissolution of CO2 in brines by active reservoir engineering achieved by pumping brines from regions where it is undersaturated into regions oc...

Tremendous quantities of reservoir deposited sediments are required to be dredged regularly to maintain the storage capacity of the reservoir. The reservoir dredged material (RDM) can be utilized as construction material after admixing with additives such as cement and fly ash thereby improving its strength characteristics. This research paper presents results of laboratory investigation carrie...

Hydraulic analogs of bioelectrical potentials are proposed as teaching tools in helping students with no formal background in physics and mathematics. Membrane capacitance is simulated by a water reservoir, V, whose variable level is the membrane potential. Resting membrane potential is simulated by a large capacitance reservoir of fixed level, connected to reservoir V through a tube having the...

1World Health Organization, Polio Eradication Initiative, Islamabad, Pakistan (Consultant, 2001). 2World Health Organization, Islamabad, Pakistan. 3National Institutes of Health, Expanded Programme on Immunization, Islamabad, Pakistan, Received: 31/03/03; accepted: 14/01/04 ABSTRACT We sought to identify factors associated with being a reservoir district for wild poliovirus in Pakistan. Differe...

Reservoir uncertainty analysis is targeted at obtaining assessments and predictions of reservoir performance, for the purpose of guiding development and operational decisions. However, accurately analyzing various reservoir uncertainty factors is a challenging issue due to the associated large-scale data manipulation and massive reservoir simulations which cannot be easily handled with the typi...

Evaporative fractionation of petroleum by gas injection over oil was established by Thompson. In this process he could fractionate reservoir petroleum to paraffin rich condensate in the shallow reservoir and aromatic rich residual oil in the original reservoir. In the present work attempt has been made to test fractionation by heating crude oil in a closed system to build up adequate vapour pre...

A method is presented for immunizing an Echo State Network against slow, task-irrelevant variation in its input. The main idea is to extract some principal components of the smoothed reservoir dynamics, and augment the reservoir with a feedback controller which attempts to pull these components to zero. This leads to a “homeostatic” self-stabilization of the reservoir dynamics. A proof-of-princ...

In this paper, an improved Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is proposed for reservoir operation. Through a collection of cooperative agents called ants, the near-optimum solution to the reservoir operation can be e ectively achieved. To apply the proposed ACO algorithm, the problem is approached by considering a nite horizon with a time series of in ow, classifying the reservoir volume t...

this study is focused on developing an integrated optimization-simulation based genetic algorithm model (iosga) to develop the operational policies for a multi-purpose reservoir system. the objective function of the optimization model is considered to be a linear function of reliability (rel), resiliency (res), and vulnerability (vul) of the river-reservoir system. genetic algorithm (ga) is emp...