Electron cryomicroscopy of frozen-hydrated two-dimensional crystals of NhaA, a Na+/H+ antiporter from Escherichia coli predicted to have 12 transmembrane alpha-helices, has facilitated the calculation of a projection map of NhaA at 4.0 A resolution. NhaA was homologously expressed in E.coli with a His6 tag, solubilized in dodecyl maltoside and purified in a single step using Ni2+ affinity chrom...

Anatomical structure of the common in forests and meadows Georgian subalpine zone plant - Aconitum nasutum Fisch. ex Reichenb underground aerial vegetative organs, rich diterpene alkaloids, was studied. A set diagnostic features has been established using accepted microtechnical methods. The conductive system axial organs A. nasutum, root, twig leaf stalk, a separated collateral structure. Casp...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the bundle tension curves and resultant knee kinematics between 2 tensioning protocols in anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. METHODS Anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction was performed in 7 male cadaveric knees. Each graft was tensioned to 22 N under 2 conditions: (1) both bundles tensioned at 20 degrees...

Magnetic flux ropes are highly twisted, current-carrying magnetic fields. They are crucial for the instability of plasma involved in solar eruptions, which may lead to adverse space weather effects. Here we present observations of a flaring using the highest resolution chromospheric images from the 1.6-m New Solar Telescope at Big Bear Solar Observatory, supplemented by a magnetic field extrapo...

A subcutaneous mass was noted in the abdomen of a 50-week-old male Wistar Hannover GALAS rat. Histologically, the tumor was composed of vimentin-positive small round cells with scant cytoplasm arranged in a trabecular, sheet or pericytoma-like pattern and spindle cells arranged in a bundle pattern and vimentin-negative round cells proliferating in an island-shaped pattern. Argentophilic thin fi...

The mouse epididymis, consisting of a head, body and tail, was examined by electron microscopy. The principal cells of the epididymal duct in the epididymal body have rod-shaped inclusions, 0.3 to 1.0 microns in diameter and 2 to 5 microns in height. The inclusions contain a bundle of tubules, about 40 nm in diameter, with a wall about 6 nm in thickness. The tubules are regularly arranged in a ...

We present simulation results on the self-assembly behavior of sickle hemoglobin (HbS). A coarse-grained HbS model, which contains hydrophilic and hydrophobic particles explicitly, is constructed to match the structural properties and physical description of HbS. The hydrophobic interactions are shown to be necessary with chirality being the main driver for the formation of HbS fibers. In the a...

A supersoluble 40-residue type I antifreeze protein (AFP) was discovered in a righteye flounder, the barfin plaice (bp). Unlike all other AFPs characterized to date, bpAFP transitions from moderately-active to hyperactive with increasing concentration. At sub-mM concentrations, bpAFP bound to pyramidal planes of ice to shape it into a bi-pyramidal hexagonal trapezohedron, similarly to the other...

The main argument of this paper is that consumption and demand, like production, are discovery processes guided by trial-and-error and learning by consuming. The key question that is addressed is: how do consumers deal with innovation? By bringing together a number of threads within the innovation literature my claim is that consumers, akin to firms, follow routines that shape their consumption...