With the development of Internet technologies, shipping industry has also entered Industry 4.0 era, which is era using information technology to promote industrial change. Group decision making (GDM), as one key methods in science, can be used obtain optimal solutions by aggregating opinions experts on several alternatives, and it been applied many fields optimize decision-making process. This ...

This study formulates a two-objective model by individually minimizing shipping costs and inventory costs to decide whether to route a shipment through a hub or directly to its destination. First, shipping and inventory cost functions are formulated for a multi-port calling route. Shipping costs include capital and operating cost, fuel cost and port charge, while inventory costs include waiting...

Query processing in a client-server database system raises the question of where to execute queries to minimize the communication costs and response time of a query, and to load-balance the system. This paper evaluates the two common query execution strategies, data shipping and query shipping, and a policy referred to as hybrid shipping. Data shipping determines that queries be executed at cli...

People often tacitly assume an egocentric perspective when describing spatial scenes, and then use ambiguous descriptions (e.g., “The bottle is on the left.”). However, they can also take an alternative perspective, for instance referencing an agent that is present in the scene to reduce ambiguity (e.g., “The bottle is on your right.”). In this experiment, participants viewed a computer screen ...

Ethics is a concept used by people in everyday life. Apart from ethics existing in the wider social environment (secular ethics), another form of ethics found in a specific environment has been supported, that of Christian Ethics. While secular ethics has been studied quite intensely through a variety of theories, the issue of Christian Ethics especially within the framework of Orthodox Church ...

Recent works have highlighted that civil wars can have transnational dimensions and diffuse through spatial patterns. Other authors have investigated the relationship between polities and civil peace. The aim of this paper is to study whether the study of civil peace can be linked with state capacity and its interactions with spatial and temporal dynamics. Though some authors have suggested tha...

The growth of the e-commerce sector has highlighted the importance of shipping fees. We empirically study the effects of shipping fees and marketing activities on customer acquisition, customer retention, and average expenditures using data from an online grocer. We find that shipping fees greatly influence order incidence rates and graduated shipping fees significantly affect average expenditu...

noise is one of the main parameters to be considered to achieve a healthy indoor ambience in ferries. therefore, the noise standards need to be more specialized and specifically based on real sampled data and case studies. in the present research, the noise levels in a ship, under different working conditions, were sampled and compared with those specified in the new and old standards. an initi...

What is a fiscal consequence of legislative term limits? We develop a legislative bargaining model that predicts a u-shaped relationship between the level of seniority within a legislature and government spending. The size of government spending decreases as the level of seniority increases from low tomoderate, while it increases as the level of seniority increases from moderate to high. The mo...