This paper deals with EDF Research and Development work for ERDF needs in terms of energy efficiency, focused on Amorphous Metal Distribution Transformers (AMDT). Many prototypes built on METGLAS® 2605SA1, rated 250 to 630 kVA from different manufacturers, were tested under short-circuit conditions according to IEC and ERDF standards. Some of the prototypes exceeded the accepted value of 4% of ...

In this study, automatic detection of stator winding inter-turn short circuit fault (SWISCFs) in surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors (SPMSMs) and automatic classification of fault severity via a pattern recognition system (PRS) are presented. In the case of a stator short circuit fault, performance losses become an important issue for SPMSMs. To detect stator winding short circu...

Protection systems have vital role in network reliability in short circuit mode and proper operating for relays. Current transformer often in transient and saturation under short circuit mode causes mal-operation of relays which will have undesirable effects. Therefore, proper and quick identification of Current transformer saturation is so important. In this paper, an Artificial Neural Network...

The electric current is omnipresent and indispensable in our life. But there are always threatening dangers connected with it. One of them is the electric short circuit and we have to protect people and facilities from its effects. This protection is often provided by power circuit breakers or motor protective circuit breakers. These devices are able to detect the short circuit, limit the curre...

Sodium ion influx and outflux were measured sinmltaneously, with two radioactive isotopes, in the cat ciliary body isolated in vitro. Measurements of membrane potential or short-circuit current were made concurrently with the isotope studies. In the non-short-circuited membrane, where the membrane electromotive force assisted sodium influx, the sodium ion current was two to three times larger t...

We present a framework for combining Voltage Scaling and Gate sizing techniques for power optimizations. Our results show that the combination of the two techniques perform better than the techniques applied in isolation. We introduce a new heuristic for choosing gates for sizing and voltage scaling such that the total power is minimized under delay constraints. We also use a more accurate esti...

Introduction A high-voltage (HV) electrical short circuit can be a critical electrical failure in an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) system because of the failed delivery of appropriate shocks against fatal arrhythmia. The Food and Drug Administration has classified the St Jude Medical Riata family of ICD leads (St Jude Medical, St Paul, MN) as a class I recall since 2011 because o...

A high-speed earthing switch (HSES) of a gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) performs a secondary role in protecting the power system in the event of an accident. After being interrupted by a circuit breaker (CB), the short-circuit current remaining in the network should be earthed by the HSES. However, as the contacts of the HSES may have been damaged by a pre-arc during the closing operation, the ...